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Proteins & Nucleic Acids

Proteins & Nucleic Acids. Macromolecule #3: Proteins. C, H, O, N, sometimes S Serve the most varied purposes, including :. Collagen. Antibodies. Hemoglobin. Actin & myosin. Enzymes . Amino Acids. = building blocks of proteins

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Proteins & Nucleic Acids

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  1. Proteins & Nucleic Acids

  2. Macromolecule #3: Proteins • C, H, O, N, sometimes S • Serve the most varied purposes, including:

  3. Collagen

  4. Antibodies

  5. Hemoglobin

  6. Actin & myosin

  7. Enzymes

  8. Amino Acids = building blocks of proteins only 20 different AA exist, these build thoudsands of different proteins AA are held together by peptide bonds Note: Our bodies can make only 12 amino acids = nonessential AA We have to get the remaining 8 from diet = essential AA

  9. Protein Structure: Changing just one amino acid can cause the protein to change shape, not work properly, and sometimes cause diseases High T, pH, or salt can change the shape of protein and thus inactivate it (denaturing)

  10. Macromolecule #4: Nucleic Acids • C, H, O, P, N • Types of nucleic acids: DNA & RNA • Nucleotides: building blocks of nucleic acids Each nucleotide contains: • phosphate • nitrogenous base • 5-carbon sugar

  11. DNA Deoxyribose Double stranded Nitrogen bases: A, G, C, Tadenine guanine cytosine thymine Only 1 type RNA Ribose Single stranded Nitrogen bases: A, G, C, U adenine guanine cytosine uracil Types - mRNA, tRNA, rRNA DNA vs. RNA

  12. The DNA Song (to the tune of Row, Row, Row your Boat) • We love DNAmade of nucleotides.Sugar, phosphate, and a basebonded down one side. • Adenine and thyminemake a lovely pair,cytosine without guaninewould feel very bare.

  13. Macromolecule #5: ATP • ATP = adenosine triphosphate • Energy currency of living organisms • Can by produced by aerobic & anaerobic processes (with oxygen or without oxygen) THE BIG PICTURE: Chemistry is essential for life…

  14. Be prepared to answer three of the following You will answer one from each goal. • What are some healthy sources of carbohydrates? (goal 1) • What are some good sources of protein? (goal 1) • What foods do we need to eat in order to obtain essential amino acids? (goal 1) • Why do you think whole wheat bread is better than white bread? (goal 1) • What are some good sources of fats? Why are saturated and trans fats unhealthy? How is their structure different from the structure of unsaturated fats? (goal 1) • Does "low fat" means always healthy? Explain your reasoning. (goal 1) • Can you give 3 examples of diseases that can result when there is a nutritional deficiency? (goal 2) • Heart disease is still #1 cause of death in the U.S. (and the world). Other than making sound nutritional choices, what else can we do to try to prevent this condition? (goal 2) • Data from NIH show that adhering to treatment plan of chronic diseases is difficult. Less than 50% of diabetics follow their medication plan and only 30% follow dietary guidelines. Patients with hypertension also do not frequently follow doctor advice. Why do you think it is so difficult to change behavior? (goal 3)

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