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Muscles of the Head and Neck

Learn the origin, insertion, and actions of key head and neck muscles like Frontalis, Temporalis, Sternocleidomastoid, and more in this detailed lab activity.

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Muscles of the Head and Neck

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  1. Lab Activity 11: Group I Muscles Martini Chapter 11 Portland Community College BI 231

  2. Origin and Insertion • Origin: The place where the fixed end attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue. • Insertion: The site where the movable end attaches to another structure.

  3. MUSCLES OF THE HEAD

  4. Frontalis Epicranial Aponeurosis • Origin:Epicranial aponeurosis • Insertion:Skin over forehead • Action:Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead

  5. Occipitalis • Origin:Occipital and temporal bones • Insertion:Epicranial aponeurosis • Action:Fixes epicranial aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

  6. Orbicularis Oculi • Origin:Medial orbital margin and zygomatic bone • Insertion:Skin surrounding eye • Action:Closes eyelids and depresses skin of forehead

  7. Temporalis • Origin:Temporal fossa • Insertion:Coronoid process of mandible • Action:Elevates and retracts mandible

  8. Masseter • Origin:Zygomatic process and arch • Insertion:Angle and ramus of mandible • Action:Elevates mandible

  9. Orbicularis Oris • Origin:By muscular skips to surround muscles • Insertion:Muscles interlace to surround mouth • Action:Closes and purses lips

  10. Zygomaticus Major • Origin:Zygomatic arch • Insertion:Corner of mouth • Action:Elevates corner of mouth

  11. Risorius • Origin:Fascia of masseter • Insertion:Corner of mouth • Action:Draws corner of mouth laterally

  12. SUPERFICIAL MUSCULATURE OF THE NECK

  13. Omohyoid • Origin:Medial tip of suprascapularnotch • Insertion: Body of hyoid bone • Action: Depresses hyoid bone

  14. Sternohyoid • Origin:Posterior surface of manubrium, and medial clavicle • Insertion:Hyoid bone • Action: Depresses hyoid bone

  15. Mylohyoid • Origin:Mylohyoid line of mandible • Insertion: Hyoid bone • Action: Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth, depresses mandible

  16. DigastricAnterior Belly • Origin:Lower border of mandible near midline • Insertion: Intermediate tendon on the hyoid bone • Action: Elevates hyoid bone and base of tongue, depresses mandible

  17. DigastricPosterior Belly • Origin:Mastoid notch of temporal bone • Insertion: Intermediate tendon on the hyoid bone • Action: Moves hyoid bone back

  18. MUSCLES OF THE NECK & BACK

  19. Sternocleidomastoid • Origin: Manubrium and medial third of clavicle • Insertion: Mastoid process • Action: Rotates head to opposite side, extends head, and flexes vertebral column

  20. Trapezius • Origin: External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line and spinous process of C7-T12 • Insertion: Anterior border of scapular spine, acromion process, lateral third of clavicle • Action: Elevates, adducts, and depresses scapula

  21. Latissimus Dorsi • Origin: Spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, crest of ilium • Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus • Action: Extends, rotates humerus medially, draws shoulder down and backward

  22. Levator Scapula • Origin: Transverse processes of C1-4 • Insertion: Superior angle spine of scapula • Action: Elevates scapula

  23. Rhomboid Major • Origin: Spinous process of T1-5 and supraspinous ligament • Insertion: Medial border below spine of scapula • Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

  24. Rhomboid Minor • Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1 • Insertion: Medial border of scapula at base of spine • Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

  25. Serratus Anterior • Origin: Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs • Insertion: Anterior lip of medial border of scapula • Action: Holds scapula to chest wall, medially rotates scapula in abducting or extending humerus

  26. Erector Spinae • Origin: Sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae and T11,12 • Insertion: Angles of the ribs. Spinous & Transverse processes of vertebrae • Action: Extension of vertebral column

  27. MUSCLES OF THE THORACIC WALL

  28. External Intercostal • Origin:Inferior border of rib above • Insertion:Superior border of rib below • Action:Elevates rib cage during inspiration

  29. Internal Intercostal • Origin:Superior border of rib below • Insertion:Inferior border of rib above • Action:Depresses rib cage during expiration

  30. Pectoralis Major • Origin:Medial half of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique • Insertion: Intertubular groove of humerus • Action:Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus, draws body upward in climbing

  31. Pectoralis Minor • Origin:Anterior surface of ribs 3 to 5 • Insertion:Coracoid process of scapula • Action:Draws scapula down and forward and elevates ribs

  32. MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

  33. Rectus Abdominus • Origin:Pubic symphysis and crest of pubis • Insertion:Xiphoid process and cartilages of ribs 5 to 7 • Action:Tenses abdominal wall and flexes vertebral column

  34. External Abdominal Oblique • Origin:External surface of lower 8 ribs • Insertion:Anterior half of iliac crest and linea alba • Action:Compresses abdomen, contralaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column

  35. Internal Abdominal Oblique • Origin:Lateral half of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia • Insertion:Lower four ribs, linea alba and by conjoined tendon to pubis • Action:Compresses abdomen, ipsilaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column

  36. Transverse Abdominis • Origin:Lateral third of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia • Insertion:Linea alba, and by conjoined tendon to pubis • Action:Compresses abdomen

  37. Deltoid • Origin:Anterior surface, lateral clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula • Insertion:Deltoid tubercle of humerus • Action:Abducts humerus; aids in flexion, extension, and internal and external rotation

  38. Supraspinatus • Origin:Supraspinous fossa • Insertion:Greater tubercle of humerus • Action:Abducts humerus

  39. Infraspinatus • Origin:Infraspinous fossa • Insertion:Greater tubercle of humerus • Action:Rotates humerus laterally

  40. Teres Minor • Origin:Axillary border of scapula • Insertion:Greater tubercle of humerus • Action:Rotates humerus laterally

  41. Teres Major • Origin:Axillary border at inferior angle of scapula • Insertion:Intertubular groove of humerus • Action:Extends, adduction and medial rotates humerus.

  42. Subscapularis • Origin:Subscapular fossa • Insertion:Lesser tubercle of humerus • Action:Rotates humerus medially

  43. Biceps Brachii Short Head • Origin:Long head, supraglenoid tubercle;Short head, coracoid process scapula • Insertion:Radial tuberosity of the radius • Action:Flexes radius and humerus, and supinates forearm Long Head

  44. Coracobrachialis • Origin:Coracoid process of scapula • Insertion:Middle third of humerus • Action:Flexes and adducts humerus

  45. Triceps Brachii Long Head Lateral Head • Origin:Long head, infraglenoid tubercle; Lateral head, proximal portion of posterior humerus; Medial head, distal half of posterior humerus • Insertion:Olecranon process of ulna • Action:Extends humerus and ulna

  46. Brachialis • Origin:Anterior distal two-thirds of humerus • Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna • Action: Flexes ulna

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