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INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY. Fungi (yeast& molds) are eukaryotic organisms whereas bacteria are prokaryotic , they differ regarding;. Size-diameter 4 um-------1um Nucleus. Cytoplasm Cell membrane, Sterol---absent in bacteria Cell wall,

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INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  2. Fungi (yeast& molds) are eukaryotic organisms whereas bacteria are prokaryotic, they differ regarding; Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  3. Size-diameter 4 um-------1um • Nucleus. • Cytoplasm • Cell membrane, Sterol---absent in bacteria • Cell wall, Chitin ----peptidoglycane • Thermal dimorphism. • Metabolism. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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  6. Fungal cell wall • Consists of chitinnotpeptidoglycan like bacteria. • Thus fungi are insensitive to antibiotics as penicillins. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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  8. Chitin is a polysaccharide composed of long chain of n-acetyleglucasamine. • Also the fungal cell wall contain other polysaccharide, B-glucan, which is the site of action of some antifungal drugs. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  9. Fungal cell membrane • Consist of ergosterol rather than cholesterollike bacterial cell membrane. • Ergosterol is the site of action of antifungal drugs, amphtericin B & azole group Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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  11. Atmospheric & carbon source requirements • Most fungi are obligatory aerobes, some are facultative anaerobes, but none are obligatory anaerobes. • All fungi require a performed organic source of carbon –association with decaying matter. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  12. Natural habitat • The environment. • Exception Candida albicans is part of normal human flora. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  13. Medical mycology is the study of mycoses of man and their etiologic agents. Mycoses are the diseases caused by fungi. Of the several thousands of species of fungi that are known, less than 100 are pathogenic to man. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  14. In addition to those species which are generally recognized as pathogenic to man it is firmly established that under unusual circumstances of abnormal susceptibility of patient, or the traumatic implantation of the fungus, other fungi are capable of causing lesions.Those are called (Opportunistic Fungi.) Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  15. These circumstances may be : 1. A debilitating condition of the host, as Diabetes. 2. A concurrent disease such as leukaemia. 3. Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. 4.Immunosuppressive drugs or an antibiotic for long duration. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  16. Morphology of Fungi Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  17. Morphology of Fungi 1. Filamentous fungi (molds) 2. Yeasts 3. Yeast-like fungi 4. Dimorphic fungi Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  18. Filamentous Fungi 1.The basic morphological elements of filamentous fungi are long branching filaments or hyphae, which intertwine to produce a mass of filaments or mycelium 2.Colonies are strongly adherent to the medium and unlike most bacterial colonies cannot be emulsified in water. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  19. mycelium: septate mycelium: non septate Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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  21. Mycelia & Conidia Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  22. 3. The surface of these colonies may be velvety, powdery, or may show a cottony aerial mycelium. 4. Pigmentation of the colony itself and of the underlying medium is frequently present. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  23. Colony Morphology Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  24. Yeasts • These occur in the form of round or oval bodies which reproduce by the formation of buds known asblastospores. • Yeasts colonies resemble bacterial colonies in appearance and in consistency. • The only pathogenic yeast in medical mycology is Cryptococcus neoformans. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  25. Yeast colonies Cryptococcus neoformans Mucoid colonies Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  26. Cryptococcus neoformans India Ink SEM Capsule Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  27. Yeast-Like 1.These are fungi which occur in the form of budding yeast-like cells and as chains of elongated unbranched filamentous cells which present the appearance of broad septate hyphae. these hyphae intertwine to form a pseudomycelium. 2. The yeast like fungi are grouped together in the genus Candida. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  28. Candida Colonies Candida albicans Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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  30. Candida albicans SEM Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  31. Thermally Dimorphic Fungi These are fungi which exhibit a filamentous mycelial morphology (saprophytic phase) when grown at room temperature 27oC, but have a typical yeast morphology (parasitic phase) inside the body and when grown at 37oC in the laboratory (e.g. Histoplasmosis). Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  32. Histoplasma capsulatum27oC Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  33. Histoplasma capsulatum37oc Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  34. Human fungal infection; • Superficial • Subcutaneous • Systemic Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  35. Superficial mycoses Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  36. Subcutaneous mycoses Sporotrichosis Mycetoma Chromomycosis Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  37. Systemic Mycoses Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  38. Systemic Mycoses Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  39. Thank You Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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