1 / 11

CARBOHYDRATES

CARBOHYDRATES. Graham, Jack, Richard, Tony, WIngshun. Functions. Main purposes: energy, storage, structure provides energy  50-80% of energy used by body is drawn from carbs energy not immediately used and stored as glycogen (a polysaccharide carb) for future use

khuyen
Télécharger la présentation

CARBOHYDRATES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CARBOHYDRATES Graham, Jack, Richard, Tony, WIngshun

  2. Functions • Main purposes: energy,storage, structure • provides energy  50-80% of energy used by body is drawn from carbs • energy not immediately used and stored as glycogen (a polysaccharide carb) for future use • helps oxidise fat  w/o carbs, body can’t get energy from fat, which provides double the amount of energy • spares protein from being used for energy, so it can be used to build/repair tissues • aids digestion • helps make up cell & tissue structures • source of carbon for synthesis of other compounds

  3. Monomer • The smallest unit that makes up a carbohydrate is a • MONOSACCHARIDE • Monos = single • Sacchar = sugar

  4. Empirical Formula • Empirical formula of carbohydrate is • Cm(H20)n

  5. Monosaccharides, Disaccharides & Polysaccharides • Monosaccharides: carbohydrates with a small # of carbon atoms (3-7) • Aka simple sugars • ex. fructose & glucose

  6. Disaccharides: made of 2 monosaccharides joined together with a glycosidic linkage • Ex. maltose  formed from 2 glucoses • sucrose  formed from a glucose & fructose • Glycosidic linkage: covalent bond between 2 simple sugars from a dehydration reaction • Polysaccharides: made of many monosaccharides chained together (so they’re polymers) • Ex. starch & glycogen

  7. Starch • is a storage polysaccharide made of glucose in plants • is stored energy from which glucose can be withdrawn by hydrolysis to be used as a nutrient • stored by plants in plastids • bond angles make it helical shaped

  8. GLYCOGEN • glycogen is the storage polysaccharide of glucose in animals • Stored mostly in liver & muscles) • extensively branched\ • when animals need sugar, glycogen undergoes hydrolysis to release glucose

  9. CELLULOSE • cellulose is an indigestible (for most organisms) type of polysaccharide • makes up the structure of plant cell walls • different glycosidic linkages in starch & cellulose makes the shape of the molecules slightly different • straight and not branched

  10. Works Cited • Ashiya. "5 Most Essential Functions of Carbohydrates." Preserve Articles. PreserveArticles.com, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. <http://www.preservearticles.com/201105146671/5-most-essential-functions-of- carbohydrates.html>. • Campbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece. "The Structure and Function of Macromolecules." Biology. Sixth ed. N.p.: Benjamin Cummings, 2002. 64-68. Print. • "Carbohydrates." SparkNotes. SparkNotes LLC, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. <http://www.sparknotes.com/health/carbohydrates/section1.rhtml>. • Tom. "Carbohydrates !" AP Biology 2007 (Period 1&2). Blogger, 12 Nov. 2007. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. <http://apbio12007.blogspot.ca/2007/11/carbohydrates.html>.

  11. IMAGES • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Starchy-foods..jpg • http://www.everydiet.org/995/types-of-carbohydrates • http://www.understanding-horse-nutrition.com/carbohydrates.html • http://www2.ustboniface.ca/cusb/abernier/Biologie/Chimie/structurefonctionmacromol.htm • http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol115/wyatt/biochem/carbos.htm • http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/a_b_glucose_differences.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Glykogen.svg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cellulose_Sessel.svg

More Related