1. Nester Microbiology Chapter 2: The Molecules of Life
2. Question 1 The nucleus of an atom is composed of which of the following particles? 1. protons 2. neutrons 3. electrons 4. histones 5. nucleotides
A. 1.
B. 1,2.
C. 1,2,3.
D. 1,2,3,4.
E. 1,2,3,4,5.
3. Question 2 A strong chemical bond in which atoms are held together by the sharing of electrons is called a(n) _________________bond.
A. ionic.
B. covalent.
C. hydrogen.
D. hydrophobic.
E. catabolic.
4. Question 3 Weak bonds that result from the attraction of hydrogen to oxygen or nitrogen and are important in proteins, DNA, and water are called _______________ bonds.
A. covalent.
B. hydrogen.
C. ionic.
D. hydrophobic.
E. catabolic.
5. Question 4 Which of the following is NOT one of the important properties of water?
A. Ionic compounds will dissolve readily.
B. Water that contains dissolved substances freezes at a lower temperature.
C. It is involved in many chemical reactions.
D. It is an excellent solvent.
E. All the above are important properties of water.
6. Question 5 Which of the following pH values is most acidic?
A. 1.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 10.
E. 14.
7. Question 6 The major element that is found in all organic molecules and is capable of forming long chains and rings is
A. carbon.
B. hydrogen.
C. oxygen.
D. nitrogen.
E. calcium.
8. Question 7 A catabolic reaction in which water is used to break chemical bonds is called
A. synthesis.
B. hydrolysis.
C. condensation.
D. anabolism.
E. hydrocatabolism.
9. Question 8 Amino acids linked together with peptide bonds form which of the following organic molecules?
A. proteins.
B. polysaccharides.
C. carbohydrates.
D. triglycerides.
E. nucleic acids.
10. Question 9 The final three-dimensional shape of a protein is called its __________ structure.
A. primary.
B. secondary.
C. tertiary.
D. quaternary.
E. isomer.
11. Question 10 If a protein is excessively heated, its shape changes and the protein will no longer carry out its function. This process is called
A. hydrolysis.
B. thermal catabolism.
C. denaturation.
D. ionization.
E. dehydrogenation.
12. Question 11 Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides belong to what group of organic molecules?
A. proteins.
B. carbohydrates.
C. lipids.
D. nucleic acids.
E. fats.
13. Question 12 Which of the following are parts of a nucleotide? 1. ribose or deoxyribose sugar 2. amino acids 3. phosphate 4. nitrogen base 5. fatty acids
A. 1,2,3.
B. 1,3,4.
C. 1,2,4.
D. 1,3,5.
E. 1,2,3,4.
14. Question 13 The complementary strand of DNA to the following sequence, GTAATC, would be
A. CATTAG.
B. GTAATC.
C. CAUUAG.
D. GUAAUC.
E. None of the above.
15. Question 14 The most abundant molecule in cells, making up 60-70% of the weight of a cell is
A. lipid.
B. protein.
C. water.
D. DNA.
E. carbohydrate.
16. Question 15 Cholesterol belongs to what group of organic compounds?
A. carbohydrate.
B. lipids.
C. proteins.
D. nucleic acids.
E. salts.
17. Question 16 Which of the following molecules does not belong with the others?
A. glucose.
B. fructose.
C. galactose.
D. ribose.
E. glycogen.
18. Question 17 A fatty acid that contains numerous double bonds would be called a(n) ___________fat.
A. saturated.
B. unsaturated.
C. polyunsaturated.
D. steroid.
E. phospholipid.
19. Question 18 The sugar found in RNA is called
A. ribose.
B. deoxyribose.
C. glycerol.
D. glucose.
E. adenosine.
20. Question 19 The organic molecules responsible for forming the bilayer of biological membranes are
A. phospholipids.
B. proteins.
C. carbohydrates.
D. nucleic acids.
E. triglycerides.
21. Question 20 Proteins that are used by cells to speed up the rate of chemical reactions and are not used up in the reaction are called:
A. cofactors.
B. enzymes.
C. nucleic acids.
D. coenzymes.
E. vitamins.
22. Question 21 You are in a lab that has a machine capable of measuring carbon and oxygen in molecules. It would be most effective at measuring which of the following molecules?
A. Carbohydrates.
B. Lipids.
C. Proteins.
D. Nucleic acids.
E. All of the above.
23. Question 22 Another machine in the lab is totally designed to measure nitrogen. Which of the following molecules would it best be used for identifying?
A. Carbohydrates.
B. Lipids.
C. Proteins.
D. None of the above.
E. All of the above.
24. Question 23 Iodine interferes with the structure of polysaccharides, causing a change that can be visibly detected. This makes iodine useful for making polysaccharides visible in cells. Which of the following molecules found in microbes can be detected using iodine?
A. Dextran.
B. Protein.
C. Glucose.
D. Sucrose.
E. Adenine.
25. Question 24 Strong acids are destructive to covalent bonds; therefore, which of the following molecules are they most likely to destroy?
A. Carbohydrates.
B. Lipids.
C. Proteins.
D. Nucleic acids.
E. All of the above.
26. Question 25 Weak acids are destructive to hydrogen bonds; therefore, which of the following molecules are they most likely to destroy?
A. Carbohydrates.
B. Lipids.
C. Proteins.
D. RNA.
E. All of the above.
