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Panthero leo

Panthero leo. By: Lucille Radun. Comes from the family Felidae One of the largest living felids today Male lion- recognized by its mane and can weigh up to 250kg Female lion-smaller than male, weighing only up to 150kg Survival: in the wild-14 yrs

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Panthero leo

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  1. Panthero leo By: Lucille Radun

  2. Comes from the family Felidae One of the largest living felids today Male lion- recognized by its mane and can weigh up to 250kg Female lion-smaller than male, weighing only up to 150kg Survival: in the wild-14 yrs in captivity - up to 20 years Lion (Panthero leo) Conservation status: Vulnerable Scientific classification Kingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:ChordataClass:MammaliaOrder:CarnivoraFamily:FelidaeGenus:PantheraSpecies:P. leoBinomial name:Panthero leo(Linnaeus, 1758) Adapted from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion Introduction

  3. Introduction Cont. • Africa’s predator populations declining • Lion’s experienced most serious decline • Large predators such as lions are keystone species • The presence of large carnivores such as lions, cheetahs and tigers, defines a healthy ecosystem • If an area supports them, it is also supporting populations of other mammals upon which they feed and consequentially the vegetation that those mammals require

  4. PopulationandDistribution • In historic times-spanned much of Eurasia and all of Africa • Lion population disappeared from Europe since 2nd century AD • Currently only numerous in Central Africa • Many subspecies of lions have even become extinct • These include the Cape Lion and the European Cave Lion • Today, only 10lions are seen to inhabit a forest in Western India • Rest of the lion population are found in Sub-Saharan Africa Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion Adapted from http://www.absolutelywildvisuals.com

  5. Physiology • 2nd largest of the big cats • Full grown males-up to 250kg in weight and up to 10 feet in length • Full grown females-up to 150kg in weight and up to nine feet in length • Lions bodies - lithe, compact, muscular and deep chested with a rounded and shortened head bearing prominent whiskers • The main feature distinguishing make from female is the presence of a mane • Male’s mane increases its size, serves as a visual indication of gender from a distance and adds to its aura during displays to impress lioness

  6. Taxonomy • Main difference between lion subspecies are location, size and the appearance of the mane • Genetic evidence suggests a common ancestor for lions which existed only 55,000 yrs ago • A few examples of lion subspecies include: Panthero leo massaicus-Massai lion Panthero leo nubica-East African lion Panthero leo persica-Asiatic lion Panthero leo roosevelti-Abyssinian lion The Asiatic lion- Panthero leo persica

  7. Lion Behavior • Lions have extremely creative ways of limiting their serious injury during violent attacks • Weaker pride members, e.g. cubs, adopt a cringing position, by crouching or lying submissively on their backs, thus, purposefully exposing themselves and making them an easy kill for the superior lion or aggressor • The aggressor sees the gesture and no longer feels threatened and breaks off the attack • Members of different prides do not deal with disputes in the same manner • Disputes can be extremely violent or fatal encounters and submissive gestures can only result in severe injury or death

  8. Mating • Females come into estrous at the age of 2 ½ to 3 years and have litters every 2 years depending on the food supply • Male detects hormonal changes in the lioness through the odour of the lionesses urine • Male makes a facial grimace known as “flehman” • Male raises its head, swirls the lionesses urine in its mouth, inhales deeply, then exposing his teeth and gums • Males become extremely protective of their mates

  9. Mating cont. • A prelude to mating exhibited by the lioness includes rubbing, nudging, rolling over on her back, etc to initiate intercourse • Lioness gains the attention of the male and assumes a crouched mating posture with the base of her tail lifted • Copulation lasts for 5-20 seconds • During this time, lions mate frequently • Every 20 to 30 minutes for 3 to 7 days • The estrous cycle lasts from 3 days to 3 weeks

  10. Not efficient hunters-capturing prey consisting of zebras, wildebeests and antelope in only 20 to 30% of their attempts Referred to as opportunistic hunters because they eat whatever they catch for themselves or steal from other predators Bodies not well adapted for leaping or reaching very high speeds or long distances If they are not successful within a few hundred meters, they give up the chase Two major causes of hunting failure relate to: stalking of the prey and the execution of the lion charge Firstly, although they have an excellent sense of smell, they do not make use of scent when hunting In most cases they approach the prey from an upwind location, in turn, alerting the prey which quickly ends the hunt Secondly, lions attacks are generally launched directly at their prey, rarely altering the path of attack like other felids An important food source in lions is scavenging where they are able to get up tp 10 or 15 % of their total food intake. Hunting

  11. Major Threats • Loss of habitat to population growth • Agricultural expansion • Hunting • Poisoning by livestock ranchers

  12. Mountain lions

  13. Live for an average of 12-13 years in the wild and up to 21 years in captivity Body length: 105-180cm, tail length: 60-90cm, shoulder height: 56-78cm Average weight: males: 53-72kg, females: 34-48kg. Males can have exceptional weight up to 120kg Communicate through vocalisations Introduction

  14. Scientific Name - Puma concolor Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Puma Species: Puma Concolor Classification

  15. They are American terrestrial mammals Range from coast to coast in North America, Southern Argentina and Chile, and Southeastern Alaska Most widely spread cats of America They also have a range of subspecies with a few being: North America: P.c.borbensis, P.c.californicus, P.c.cougar, Central America: P.c.hippolestes, P.c.kaibabensis, P.c.oregonensis, P.c.schorgeri, South America: P.c.acrocodia, P.c.anthonyi, P.c.bangsi, P.c.puma. Distribution

  16. Physical Description • Large, slender cats with muscular limbs and large feet • Hind legs being proportionally longest of the cat family • Coats are grey or brown, and short and coarse in texture • Pink nose • Creamy white underside • Tip of tail black and black muzzle with stripes and also black behind the ears • Long tail reaching a third of the cat’s total length

  17. Behavior • Solitary animals only seen together breeding time or in the case of mothers living with their young • Migrate constantly depending on availability of prey, time of year, etc • Usually hunt at dawn, dusk and night with limited activity during the day • They a good hunters • Territorial creatures marking their territory with urine and faeces and also scrape (i.e. small piles)

  18. Feeding habits • Predatory carnivores • Prey on white-tailed deer, rabbit, raccoon, birds, etc. • They drag their prey into concealed places away from other animals • They also kill and eat domestic livestock

  19. Pantheroleo versus Pumaconcolor • They differ in: size appearance behaviour feeding and distribution

  20. http://www.pbase.com/mactarheel/image/27808576 http://www.knet.co.za/sa-mpumalanga/animal.htm http://spaghoops.com/squelch/african_wildlife.htm http://www.absolutelywildvisuals.com/search-57381.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion http//:lionsforever.com http://cyberzoomobile/lions.com References

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