Chapter 2

1. Chapter 2 How Did the Ideas of the Italian Renaissance Spread Throughout Europe?

2. Bell Work  • Answer these questions on a lined piece of paper! • 1) How did the Renaissance ideas begin to spread? • 2) Where did Renaissance ideas begin? • 3) Where did these ideas spread to after? • 4) What made the spread of ideas difficult in other parts of Europe? • Hint: Use your notes! We have talked about all of these questions!

3. 1) How did the Renaissance ideas begin to spread? • Scholars (smart people) travelled to the city-states for info and brought these ideas home. • 2) Where did Renaissance ideas begin? • Italy…of course! • 3) Where did these ideas spread to after? • Ideas and change started in Italy and travelled to Western Europe shortly after. • 4) What made the spread of ideas difficult in other parts of Europe? • Feudal system= still strong • War= Dangerous to travel • Catholic Church= still brutal

4. Bell Work • Go through your fill in the blank notes and define the definitions: • Vernacular • Perspective • Utopia • Quality of life • Capitalist society • Secular

5. Bell Work Which of the paintings best shows the influence of the Renaissance? Write a paragraph about how you know?

6. Painting #1: • Realism- looks like a photograph • Perspective • Natural World • Shows the human body • Painting #2: • Does not look as real • The colors aren't as realistic • The human bodies don’t look real • Religious focus

7. Bell W0rk  B A D C Examine each painting closely. Which one was most likely painted during the Renaissance? Explain why each painting was, or wasn’t painted during the Renaissance on a lined piece of paper. Hint: There is only one painting here that was!

8. Read this quote and answer the question! • Hint: The Pestilence is another word for the BLACK PLAGUE • “The Renaissance movement was, in part, a result of changes in the way people valued religion and looked to faith as a way to explain events. • The Pestilence or the Great Mortality which first appeared in Europe between 1347 – 1410 attacked the rich and poor, strong and weak, young and old. The people of Europe tried to understand what caused the Pestilence, and why it was destroying their lives and families. Many people thought that it was a punishment sent by God so they sought divine intervention from priests and offered penance & prayers. • Those who were able to survive the Pestilence often had no friends or family alive and had to move to the cities to find a way to make a living. Many of the surviving nobles, could no longer find laborers to work their lands, also had to move to the cities.” • According to this quote, which event is believed to have been the one that allowed the Renaissance to begin in Europe? • The fall of the Roman Empire • The Crusades • The 100 Year War • The Bubonic Plague- Black Death Write a paragraph on how you answered this questions! What were the hints that gave the answer away??

9. How Did the Renaissance Ideas begin to Spread? • Renaissance ideas eventually spread west and north to all areas of Western Europe • Scholars and artist travelled to the Italian city-states for knowledge and brought it to their homelands • Ideas changed and adapted to fit each society • P.49 • Canada’s Renaissance type ideas

10. Where and How did the Renaissance Spread?Why Were Ideas So Slow to Spread? • Effects of the Renaissance across Western Europe came later but were just as significant • Feudalism • Harder to break in lands beyond Italy • Owners of fiefdoms (feudal land) were strongly opposed to the Renaissance • War • Many Northern European states at war which prevented the spread of new ideas (Germany, Netherlands, England) • Religion • The Catholic Church had a stronger hold and kept the status quo (the present way of doing things)

11. What Allowed Renaissance Ideas to Spread More Quickly? • When the Hundred Years War ended, travel became safer • Urbanization • France and Germany waged war on the Italian city-states • Exposed European monarchs and nobility to Renaissance Ideas • Ideas were borrowed from Italy • Italians were hired • Peace = increase in trade

12. What Allowed Renaissance Ideas to Spread More Quickly? • Increase in trade = increase in business and banking • Wealth used to support artists • Growth of humanism • A system of thought that centers on humans and their values; potential, and worth; concerned with the welfare of humans (fill this definition in!) • Popcorn reading: pg. 55 of text!

13. See slide # 37 in smartboard file for game!!!

14. The most influential invention of all time. • The Printing Press • Invented by Johann Gutenberg in the mid-1400’S • First European book printed was the Gutenberg bible • Faster than copying a book by hand • More books = more readers and writers • By 1500, more than 200 printing presses • Church opposed printing of bibles for the common people = afraid they would no longer be needed

15. How Did Humanism Affect the Renaissance Worldview? • Classical writings suggested that life on Earth has value • Before most people focused on the afterlife • These writings lead people to believe that humans potential to do great things, no matter who they were • Even though they believed in faith and the afterlife, humanists thought life on Earth should be rich and full.

16. How Did Scholars and Philosophers Spread the Ideas of Humanism? • Scholars travelled from one university to another to study and teach new ideas • Humanism supported civic duty and the value of learning • Humanism in Europe as opposed to Italy was more focused on religious issues and learning Christian texts to become better citizens and Christians

17. Scholars • Francanesco Petrarch (1304-2374) • Discovered and translated ancient classical Greek and Roman texts as well as promoting their study • Believed that truly educated people read books, travelled and surrounded themselves with art • Believed in God and the value of life on Earth

18. Scholars • Erasmus (1466-1536) • Believed people should be taught to argue and apply their knowledge • Said bible should be translated for all to read • Believed the role of the Church was to teach and support the faith

19. Scholars • Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) • Created the essay writing form • Believed in tolerance and common sense • Believed that friendship, love, and courage should form the basis of human actions

20. How Did Artists Help Spread the Ideas of the Renaissance? • Art began to reflect the new thinking of humanism • Began portraying the world as it really looked • After the 15th century, art focused less on religious themes • Recording the likeness of people became important • Artist travelled more and developed better techniques • Became respected and got paid • Became important contributors to society

21. Artists • Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) • Painter, poet, architect, sculptor • Painted the Sistine Chapel • Created realistic representations

22. Artists • Leonardo da Vinci (1503-1506) • May be the best-known painter and figure of the Renaissance, genius, inventor • Mona Lisa considered the most famous painting • Introduced the sfumato technique (blurring of lines)

23. Artists • Donatello (1386-1466) • Developed a technique for casting bronze statues - Donatello’s David (created about 1440)

24. How Did Ideas Spread Among Scientists and Mathematicians? • Movement of science slow during the Middle Ages • Religion • Europe still very superstitious • All money went to arts • Universities paid little attention to science • Renaissance = scientists looking at the world using reasoning and observation • Accumulation of knowledge during the Renaissance lead to the age of scientific discovery

25. Scientists and Mathematicians • Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) • Mathematician and astronomer • Came up with the theory that the Earth revolved around the sun rather than everything revolving around the earth • Proved that the Earth rotated on its axis once a day • Believed to be a heretic (having an opinion against the beliefs of a religion)

26. Scientists and Mathematicians • Leonardo da Vinci • Dissected cadavers to makes drawings on anatomy • Made plans for parachutes, tanks and submarines • François Viète (1540-1603) • Wrote books on trigonometry and geometry • Provided solution to doubling a cube and trisecting an angle

27. Inventions • During the Renaissance, the mechanical clock was invented • Before the early 1500’s time was measured by • Sundials • Hourglasses • Time could now be accurately measured

28. How Did Writers Influence the Renaissance Worldview? • Writers began to compose their works in their own languages • Vocabularies, spellings, grammar became more standardized • This increased a common sense of identity among their speakers, readers and writers.

29. Writers • Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) • Canterbury Tales (explained social and political circumstances of the time) • Sir Thomas Moore (1478-1535) • Wrote Utopia (describes a world that has no problems) • Executed for his refusal to denounce the catholic church • François Rabelais (1494-1553) • Wrote Pantagruel, a series of books which made fun of aspects of society that he felt needed to be changed • Great example of humanism – questioning all aspects of society

30. Writers • Pléiade (mid-1500’s) • Began writing in French rather than Latin • William Shakespeare (1564-1616) • Poet, playwright • His works studied worldwide for their inventive use of language and their insights into human nature • P.75 #1, 3 read section on Leonardo da Vinci

31. How Did the Ideas of the Renaissance Change Social and Economic Systems? • Urbanization and the fall of the feudal system created a new middle class • As a result, more people had to learn to read, write and do arithmetic • Quality of Life improved • The sense of safety, comfort, security, health and happiness that a person has • Urbanization lead to the growth of a capitalist society • An economic system that depends on private investment and making profit

32. How Did the Ideas of the Renaissance Change Social and Economic Systems? • Trade was previously for the acquiring of basic necessities and done by bartering, but increased trade goods led to increased use of money • People became wealthier and money could therefore be used for pleasurable things such as art, music etc. • Society started becoming more secular and people began to focus more on this life on earth • Having to do with physical things; the opposite of spiritual

33. The Renaissance Family • Was an extended family with father, mother, children, grandparents all living in one household. • Father ruled the household, made all important decisions • Mothers maintained the household • Good relations very important • Children viewed as mini-adults • Married young, worked young

34. Women in the Renaissance • Although humanist believed all should be educated, it was mostly reserved for elite men. • Women had very little independence • A few women were writers and artists but they were considered exceptional

35. Education • Before the Renaissance, education was generally provided by the Roman Catholic Church • Focused on grammar, rhetoric (art of persuasive thinking) and logic (science of reasoning and proving arguments) • The Renaissance brought education based on the value of human life and students were taught to be good citizens • Began asking questions and seeking answers rather than accepting what they were told by authorities.

36. Religion: The Protestant Reformation • Write this done! Highlight it • What was it??? A movement to reform the practices of the Roman |Catholic church= Protestant Churches 1) The bible was translated into new languages (everyone could now read and understand it) 2) There was open sharing and debate amongst members of society 3) There was a new humanist perspective • All of these things made the Protestant Reformation possible!

37. Example Exam Question: • Lianardo is a successful merchant in the city-state of Florence who has become very wealthy. He enjoys gathering with the other men from his community and discussing classical writing, art and philosophy. As a humanist, Lianardo believes he has a responsibility to use his knowledge and wealth to improve his community. Step One: After reading this paragraph what have we learned? Make a list of facts that we can pull out of this paragraph.

38. Lianardo is a successful merchant in the city-state of Florence who has become very wealthy. He enjoys gathering with the other men from his community and discussing classical writing, art and philosophy. As a humanist, Lianardo believes he has a responsibility to use his knowledge and wealth to improve his community. • Step Two: Read the question (MORE THAN ONCE) • Which project is LianardoLEAST likely to support? • Building a public library • Construction of a private school for only wealthy kids. • Funding a sculpture to make a park more beautiful • Donating to a stained glass window at the church. Step Three: Cross out any NO’s!

39. Review • Conclusion p.86 • P.87 #5, 6, 7 • These are the following terms and concepts you should know from the first two chapters… HINT HINT!!!!!