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Notes: Introduction to Ceramics

Notes: Introduction to Ceramics. 3-D Art 1 with Mrs. Graves. I. Vocabulary. Ceramics = A nonmetallic , inorganic material that is exposed to extreme heat . The most common ceramic material is clay, but glass , plaster , and cement are ceramic materials, too. . I. Vocabulary.

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Notes: Introduction to Ceramics

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  1. Notes: Introduction to Ceramics 3-D Art 1 with Mrs. Graves

  2. I. Vocabulary • Ceramics = A nonmetallic, inorganic material that is exposed to extreme heat. The most common ceramic material is clay, but glass, plaster, and cement are ceramic materials, too.

  3. I. Vocabulary • Pottery = Ware, such as vases, pots, bowls, or plates, shaped from moist clay and hardened by heat.

  4. I. Vocabulary Pottery #2

  5. I. Vocabulary Clay #3

  6. I. Vocabulary • Clay • What is it? Clay is the most universal material on earth. About 75% of the earth’s surface is clay or will eventually become clay…

  7. I. Vocabulary …Clay is used to make more than just pottery. It can be found in many common items such as bricks, roof tiles, curling irons, spark plugs, and even...

  8. …toothpaste! #4

  9. I. Vocabulary • Where does it come from? Clay comes from a rock called feldspar.

  10. #5

  11. I. Vocabulary …It takes centuries of geological weathering (being rained on, smashed by glaciers, having plants decay on it, etc.) to turn this rock into dust.

  12. #6 Geological weathering

  13. I. Vocabulary After lying around in the bottom of swamps and lakes, the dust picks up water and forms clay.

  14. I. Vocabulary • The chemistry of clay: Al2O3 ● 2SiO2 ● 2H2O

  15. I. Vocabulary Al2O3 = Alumina #7

  16. I. Vocabulary SiO2 = Silica #8

  17. I. Vocabulary H2O = Water #9

  18. II. Properties of Clay • Plastic = Plastic is defined as a material that can be molded. Clay is able to hold its form but is also able to be molded by hand. Water is necessary to make clay plastic.

  19. #10Plastic

  20. II. Properties of Clay • Porous = Porous means clay is full of small holes so that water can escape as the clay dries. This keeps the clay from cracking as is dries.

  21. #11 Porous

  22. II. Properties of Clay • Able to Vitrify = Vitrification is the conversion of clay into a hard glasslike substance when it is fired at a high temperature…

  23. #12 Vitrify

  24. II. Properties of Clay …Clay will never become completely glasslike no matter how hot it is fired, but is essential that is does become hard after firing.

  25. III. Working with Clay • Preparing clay • Wedging= a large piece of clay is first cut into pieces with a cutting wire, then the pieces are rearranged and slammed together to make it easier for kneading.

  26. #13 Wedging

  27. III. Working with Clay • Kneading = similar to kneading bread. The clay is rolled over on itself and pressed down several times. After kneading, cut the clay with a wire to check that there are no air pockets or lumps.

  28. #14 Kneading

  29. III. Working with Clay • Forming Greenware • Hand building methods = pinch, coil, slab, and modeling. Clay can also be thrown on a pottery wheel.

  30. Pinch method #15

  31. #16 Coil method

  32. #17 Slab method

  33. #18 Modeling

  34. III. Working with Clay • Score and slip = used to join two pieces of clay together. A fork or needle tool can be used to score (or rough up) the surface and then slip (watered down clay) is applied at the joint like glue.

  35. #19 Score

  36. #20 Slip

  37. III. Working with Clay • Leather hard = when the clay has dried enough to be tough (like leather) but still workable. Used when building large forms.

  38. #21 Leather hard

  39. III. Working with Clay • Bone dry = when clay has dried out and is ready to be fired.

  40. #22 Bone dry

  41. #23 Inside a kiln

  42. III. Working with Clay • Firing and Glazing • Bisque firing = the first firing a ceramic piece goes through. This is a low fire. After being bisque fired the ceramic piece is called bisqueware.

  43. III. Working with Clay • Glazing = Glaze is applied to bisqueware. It can be applied by dipping, spraying, or brushed on. We will be using brushes to apply glaze. Glaze should be applied in 2 coats.

  44. #24 Glaze

  45. III. Working with Clay • Glaze Firing = this is the second firing a ceramic piece goes through. This is a high fire. Once the piece has cooled it is finished!

  46. #25-30 Draw the tools in your bin! #31 Draw the wedging table in the back of the room

  47. #32 Electric Potter’s Wheel

  48. #33 Kiln

  49. #34 Extruder

  50. #35 Slab roller

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