Unit 4 : Civil Liberties: First Amendment Freedoms

1. Unit 4: Civil Liberties: First Amendment Freedoms

2. DAY 1 Civil Liberties vs. Civil Rights

3. Key Vocabulary Bill of Rights, civil liberties, civil rights, alien, Due Process Clause (14th Amendment), Sheppard Case, 9th Amendment Establishment Clause, parochial, Free Exercise Clause libel, slander, sedition, seditious speech, prior restraint, shield law, symbolic speech, picketing assemble, content neutral, right of association

4. Extra Credit • Make 20 flash cards (using index cards) with the vocabulary word on one side and the definition on the other for key vocabulary, concepts, and ideas throughout this unit.

5. The Unalienable Rights • How is the US government (and the Constitution) committed to freedom? • civil liberties—protections against government • civil rights—positive acts of government

6. How is the government limited to ensure freedoms? All people have the right to do what they please if they do not infringe on the rights of others Example of Conflict: freedom of the press vs. freedom of a fair trial (Sheppard Case) All “persons” (even aliens—not citizens of the country in which they reside) have certain rights under the Constitution DISCUSSION: Should the US gov’t protect the rights of illegal aliens in the US?

7. Write one paragraph explaining… • The obvious conflict in the Sheppard case was freedom of the press vs. freedom of a fair trial. What role did the media play in the wrongful conviction of Sheppard?

8. Federalism and Individual Rights • Bill of Rights was meant to limit the power of the National Gov’t (does not restrict the state gov’s) • 14th Amendment (Due Process Clause): combined most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into this amendment • 9th Amendment: there are other rights not set out in the Bill of Rights that citizens have

9. Review questions Explain why a strict constructionist of the Constitution would use the 9th Amendment to argue for more rights. True or False: All “persons” have certain rights under the Constitution. True or False: The Bill of Rights were meant to limit the power of the State Governments.

10. Quick Questions to answer about…. • Can a religion practice animal sacrifice in the U.S.? • Can a man have more than one wife in the U.S. if it is part of his religion? • Can a religious group have a club at a school? • Can a public school have a prayer (over the announcements) at the beginning of the school day? Moment of silence?

11. What is the message of this cartoon?

12. Group Assignment • Develop a poster that explains** each of the following terms: • Bill of Rights, civil liberties, civil rights, alien, Due Process Clause (14th Amendment), Sheppard Case, 9th Amendment **You must have a definition, example, and a picture for each term.

13. DAY 2 Freedom of Religion… TLW develop an understanding of historic cases surrounding the establishment and free exercise of religion.

14. What is the message of this cartoon?

15. Does this fit in today’s America? Is there some truth to this concept?Explain.

16. Another question to get you guys thinking a little bit… Confederate Flag Belt vs. Anti-Gay Bullying T-Shirt WHO IS RIGHT?

17. Day 2:Freedom of Religion • What is Freedom of Expression? • Guaranteed by the 1st and 14th Amendments • EstablishmentClause (establishment of the religion) • No interference by the government in the “free exercise” of the religion

18. Free Exercise Clause Guarantees the right of people to believe whatever they choose No person has the right to violate laws and claim it is for “religious” reasons However, there have been some cases where religious rites have been upheld (sacrifice, drug use, etc.) If something is declared illegal should it be illegal for all citizens?

19. Quick Questions to answer about…. • Can a religion practice animal sacrifice in the U.S.? • Can a man have more than one wife in the U.S. if it is part of his religion? • Can a religious group have a club at a school? • Can a public school have a prayer at the beginning of the school day?

20. What is Separation of Church and State? Thomas Jefferson declared that the Establishment Clause creates “… a wall of separation between the Church and State…” However, this “wall” is not impenetrable

21. You will write the following for each court case. There are 6 court cases total we will be reading. • Name of the Case • Brief Explanation of the question in the case. • Brief Summary of the Court’s Decision. • Explain whether you agree or disagree with the court’s decision. You should have a minimum of 3 sentences and a maximum of 6 sentences.

22. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1971) • Did Wisconsin's requirement that all parents send their children to school at least until age 16 violate the First Amendment by criminalizing the conduct of parents who refused to send their children to school for religious reasons? • Conclusion: …the Court found that the values and programs of secondary school were "in sharp conflict with the fundamental mode of life mandated by the Amish religion," and that an additional 1 or 2 years of high school would not produce the benefits of public education cited by Wisconsin to justify the law.

23. Example of how your Yoder notes should look…. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1971) • Summary of Case: The Amish religion does not believe it is necessary for their children to go to school past the 8th grade because the skills taught in a high school setting are not beneficial to their life as an Amish person. However, the state of Wisconsin had a law stating that they had to attend school through age 16. (1st Amendment issue over Freedom of Religion) • Court’s Decision: The court sided with the Amish (Yoder). The court did not believe an additional 1 to 2 years of schooling would benefit an Amish person. High school was in “sharp conflict” with their belief system. • My opinion:I do not agree with this decision because if a state’s people want all of their citizens to attend school through the age of 16 then they should have to do so.

24. Engel v. Vitale (1961) • Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the "establishment of religion" clause of the First Amendment? • Conclusion: Neither the prayer's nondenominational character nor its voluntary character saves it from unconstitutionality. By providing the prayer, New York officially approved religion…the Court used the establishment clause to eliminate religious activities of all sorts, which had traditionally been a part of public ceremonies.

25. Reynolds v. US (1878) • Does the federal anti-bigamy statute violate the First Amendment's free exercise clause because plural marriage is part of religious practice? • Conclusion: The First Amendment protected religious belief, but it did not protect religious practices that were judged to be criminal such as bigamy.

26. Good News Club v. Milford Central School (2000) • Did Milford Central School violate the First Amendment free speech rights of the Good News Club when it excluded the Club from meeting after hours at the school? If a violation occurred, was it justified by Milford's concern that permitting the Club's activities would violate the Establishment Clause? • Conclusion: "Milford's restriction violates the Club's free speech rights and that no Establishment Clause concern justifies that violation…ground that the Club was religious in nature, it discriminated against the Club because of its religious viewpoint in violation of the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment…”

27. Church of Lukumi Babalu v. Hialeah (1992) • Did the city of Hialeah's ordinance, prohibiting ritual animal sacrifices, violate the First Amendment's Free Exercise Clause? • Conclusion: …applied exclusively to the church. The ordinances singled out the activities of the Santeria faith and suppressed more religious conduct than was necessary to achieve their stated ends.

28. Stone v. Graham (1980) • Did the Kentucky statute that required all classrooms to post the Ten Commandments violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment? • Conclusion: The Court found that the requirement that the Ten Commandments be posted "had no secular legislative purpose" and was "plainly religious in nature."

29. Unit 4: Day 3 Religion and Education: Analyze regulations on religion within the education system.

30. Quick Review: • What are “protections against government” called? • Which amendment refers to other rights not set out in the Bill of Rights? • What case involved the conflict between freedom of the press vs. right to a fair trial? • What are people called that are not citizens of the country in which they reside? • What amendment combined most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights?

31. Cheerleaders at Kountze High School in Texas are fighting a ban on banners with Bible verses.

35. Write down an argument for or against the use of religious verses on banners at a public school football game.

36. Wisconsin v. Yoder

42. Day 3: Religion and Education Is the presence of a Christmas tree in the front office considered “sponsorship” of religious activity? Why or why not? • “Released Time”—allows public schools to release students for religious classes • Public institutions cannot sponsor religious exercises • However, individuals can pray at school

43. Religious Teachings? Federal Funding? Theory ofEvolution—Supreme Court held that evolution can be taught in schools LemonTest (for private school aid with public funds) 1st—purpose of the aid must be clearly secular 2nd—primary effect must neither advance nor inhibit 3rd—avoid an “excessive entanglement of government with religion” Genesis 1:1"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth." –Should we teach this also? Should a student be excused from evolution lessons if they do not believe in evolution? Why or why not?

44. DRAW to Define…. On a sheet of paper, you will work in groups of 1, 2, or 3 and draw pictures that represent the following terms: Bill of Rights, civil rights, alien, Sheppard Case, Establishment Clause, parochial, Wisconsin v. Yoder, Reynolds v. US, Church of Lukumi Babalu v. Hialeah Can’t work with a table of 4 or 5. Divide up into smaller groups. No words, pictures only.

45. Write a sentence explaining each relationship or concept. • Civil Liberties vs. Civil Rights • Bill of Rights and The National Government • Establishment Clause vs. Free Exercise • Separation of Church and State

46. Day 4 Freedom of Speech and Press: TLW develop an understanding of the rights and the limits of the Press.

47. Whathappened in each case? Write it on your Group Sheet! • Wisconsin v. Yoder (1971) • Engel v. Vitale (1961) • Reynolds v. US (1878) • Good News Club v. Milford Central School (2000) • Church of Lukumi Babalu v. Hialeah (1992) • Stone v. Graham (1980)

48. Whathappened in each case? • Wisconsin v. Yoder (1971) • Hint: “no high school” • Engel v. Vitale (1961) • Hint: “morning prayer…you don’t have to though” • Reynolds v. US (1878) • Hint: “one wife…come on” • Good News Club v. Milford Central School (2000) • Hint: “a Christian club at school!” • Church of Lukumi Babalu v. Hialeah (1992) • Hint: “sacrifice…not in these parts” • Stone v. Graham (1980) • Hint: “post them, I dare you!”

49. WRITE THE MESSAGE OF EACH CARTOON ON THE NOTECARDS.

50. Day 4: Freedom of Speech and Press • Guaranteed in the 1st and 14th Amendments • To each person a right of free expression • To all persons a full, wide-ranging discussion of public affairs • Libel—is the false and malicious use of printed words • Slander—is the false and malicious use of spoken words