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Parenting Styles. Parental Influence. Influences personality and behaviour 3 ways parents influence emotional and behavioural responses of children Direct Interaction Rewards and punishments for behaviours Transfer of knowledge Emotional Identification Class, ethnicity or religion
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Parental Influence • Influences personality and behaviour • 3 ways parents influence emotional and behavioural responses of children • Direct Interaction • Rewards and punishments for behaviours • Transfer of knowledge • Emotional Identification • Class, ethnicity or religion • Family Stories • Sense of pride is felt with storytelling
Parental Influences • More specifically… • Personality • Blend of intellectual, motional, social traits • Positive and negative traits can pass onto children • Past Experiences • With other children • With other parents • Their own childhood • Parenting Values • What you deem to be necessary/important • Parenting Goals • Goals/targets to keep them and child’s development on track
Other Consderations • Families • Food, language, customs, religion, values, beliefs, traditions • Economic Conditions • Levels of income sometimes impact level of stress • Economic conditions in society • Downsizing at work • Recession • Gender Roles • How these are filled in home influences child’s perspective and attitude
Social Policies • Strict laws that insure caregivers responsibilities • Family law • Domestic abuse • Child abuse • Divorce • Adoption • Child care • Welfare
Parenting as Influence on Personality • Developed parenting styles in 1960s • Responsiveness: how much parents foster child’s individuality by supporting needs • Demandingness: willingness to confront and discipline, involvement in family • Depending on culture, different value may be desired • Appropriate to view as continuum as not all styles fit ONE category entirely
Authoritarian • Parenting Behaviour • Commands and authority • Disciplines with force or physical punishment
Permissive • Overlooks misbehaviour • Has little control • Allows child to make his or her own decisions
Authoritative • Sets limits • Provides rationales • Expects mature behaviour and dialogue • Uses encouragement rather than punishment
Uninvolved • Not aware of child’s needs • Doesn’t provide emotional or mental needs • Little communication • Few demands are placed on child
Open for Debate • Where do parents learn how to parent? • Given the various consequences that can result from poor parenting, should there be some sort of compulsory government-sponsored parenting course? • If so, at what age should this course be offered? Who would teach it? What would be result if parent refused to take course?
