Presentation Transcript

1. A little bit of Spanish history…

2. Spain’s government in 1931-1933 President: Manuel Azaña Constitution of 1931: Art. 1: Spain is a democratic republic of workers, that organizes through freedom and justice. Art. 2: All Spaniards are equal under the law. Art. 3: Spain does not have an official religion. Art. 4: “El castellano” is the official language of the republic of Spain.
3. Spain’s government in 1933-1936 La Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (CEDA) President: José Maria Gil Robles right-wing (liberal) party opposed to the policies of Manuel Azaña and his Republican government

4. In February 1936, there were governmental elections in Spain with the following political parties:

5. La Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (CEDA) CEDA in Spain was founded by José Maria Gil Robles on 28th February, 1933 out of a collection of small right-wing (liberal) parties
6. BloqueNacional Their leader is José CalvoSotelo. It is an extreme right wing political party. The monarchy also form part of this political party.
7. FalangeEspañola (FE) Their leader is José Antonio Primo de Rivera This political party also holds extreme right wing viewpoints. Its ideology is very close to German Nazism. They helped Franco advance his movement.
8. Frente Popular One of its leaders is FranciscoLargo Caballero This political party is formed of socialists, communists, and left-winged republicans. Viewpoints: Freedom of press Return to the laws of the previous republican period Everyone is equal (communism)
9. Who won??? Frente Popular
10. But… With only a slight difference to the right-winged parties. This caused an abundance of political tension and protests between the extreme right-winged parties and the left-winged parties. These conflicts caused a lot of fear in the big cities.
11. July 1936 Gunmen that supported the extreme right-wing party killed a police lieutenant, José del Castillo. A few days later, members of the police killed José CalvoSotelo (the leader of BloqueNacional)
12. The assassination of CalvoSotelo was the trigger of the Spanish Civil War in 1936.
13. Francisco Franco and other military men decided to begin an uprising against the Republican government.
14. EspañaDividida When the war started, Spain was divided in 2: La república (red) Los sublevados (blue) Support for the Republicans International Brigades Soviet Union Mexico France Support for the Nationalists Germany Italy Portugal
15. Dolores Ibarruri, “La pasionaria” “Todo el paísvibra de indignación ante esosdesalmadosquequierenhundir la Españademocrática y popular en un infierno de terror y muerte. Pero, ¡no pasarán!”
16. Guernica por Picasso
17. Casualties from 1936-1939 ~500,000 killed 450,000 fled
18. Franco’s army won the war Franco will be “Jefe del Estado Español” from 1939-1975 He ran a fascist government
19. The fascist party is led by a supreme leader who exercises a dictatorship over the party, the government and other state institutions. Fascists reject the conventional form of democracy that assumes human equality, and instead claim that fascism represents an organized and centralized authoritarian democracy. This fascist form of democracy advocates the rule of the most qualified, rather than rule by a majority of numbers. Fascism supports a socially united collective national society and opposes socially divided class-based societies.
20. Franco’s government is characterized by: The strong repression of the supporters of Los Republicanos There are no political parties There is no freedom to strike There is no freedom of expression (censorship of books, movies, etc.) There is no religious freedom: Spain is a catholic country There are no states: Spain is one It is prohibited to teach el catalán, el gallego, and el euskera
21. Francisco Franco video ~4 min. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=C43F6A5F-611E-4E46-861F-4000DA3812D2&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US