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Immigration and Urbanization

Immigration and Urbanization. 1870 – 1900 America. Immigrants – Where and Why?. 1870 – 1900, the U.S. grows from 38.5 million people to 76.2 Almost 30 million are immigrants Irish Potato Famine 25% of immigrants are from Germany Japan and China Russia expels Jews.

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Immigration and Urbanization

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  1. Immigration and Urbanization 1870 – 1900 America

  2. Immigrants – Where and Why? • 1870 – 1900, the U.S. grows from 38.5 million people to 76.2 • Almost 30 million are immigrants • Irish Potato Famine • 25% of immigrants are from Germany • Japan and China • Russia expels Jews Klassen family leaving the Ukraine for the U.S.

  3. The Island • Ellis Island, N.Y. & Angel Island, San Francisco • More than 18 mil. immigrants processed here. • Only about 2% are turned away

  4. Differences Native-Born • English Language • Protestant • Anglo-Saxon ethnicity and similar New Immigrants • Foreign Language • Catholic, Jewish, Buddhist, etc. • Different skin tones Assimilate? • Turner’s “Frontier Thesis” – Becoming more American • Melting Pot – a mixture of people, cultures and races and abandon native languages and customs • Many do not wish to give up identities

  5. Opposition • Nativism – Favoritism toward native-born Americans • Anti-immigrant groups(like the KKK) thought outsiders undermined America • Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 • Gentlemen’s Agreement w/ Japan

  6. Final Destination • 1/3 of the immigrants who came to the United States stayed in the city. Most scattered across the country.

  7. Cities • Immigrants radically changed the face of the nation’s cities. • Before the Civil War, cities were compact. Buildings were only 5 stories tall. • Afterwards, the percentage of Americans living in the cities doubled. Cities grew upward.

  8. Urban Living Conditions • “Slums” – Immigrants lived in buildings abandoned by middle-class residents and converted into multifamily units. • Many tended to settle with others from the same country creating the ethnic sections that can still be found today.

  9. Problems • Raw sewage and garbage littered the streets. • Quality Water? • Fire (e.g. – Chicago Fire) • Crime • Contagious diseases • Babies were especially susceptible.

  10. Tenements in New York City

  11. Tenements in New York City

  12. A typical tenement house on the corner of Ontario and Monroe streets in Toledo, Ohio.

  13. Solutions • City Planners Arrive • Parks – e.g. Central Park • Skyscrapers (Steel) • Zoning

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