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Immigration and Urbanization

Immigration and Urbanization. Movement of People and Development of cities. The Great Migration. 46 million people left their home land Why? Economic Reasons To escape political or religious persecution. 23 million or 56% came to U.S. Why?

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Immigration and Urbanization

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  1. Immigration and Urbanization Movement of People and Development of cities

  2. The Great Migration • 46 million people left their home land • Why? • Economic Reasons • To escape political or religious persecution • 23 million or 56% came to U.S. • Why? • Belief that U.S. was a land of golden opportunities • Non-restrictive immigration policy

  3. Three Waves of Immigration • 1830-1860 • 1860-1890 • 1890-1920

  4. Living in the Cities • Positives • Settlement houses to help homeless • Political machines – helped immigrants find jobs + housing; exchange for vote • Negatives • Crowded housing • Transportation • Crime • Sanitation • fire

  5. Living in the Cities • Political Machines • Organized group that controlled activities of political party in a city • Offered services to voters in exchange for political support • Organized like a pyramid • Bottom = local precinct workers who reported to Ward boss • Ward boss worked to secure vote in all precincts & reported to city boss (ex. Boss Tweed) • Racial Issues • Booker T. Washington – believed economic equality 1st then political • W.E.B. Dubois – wanted political equality immediately; helped form N.A.A.C.P. • 1896 – Plessy vs. Ferguson; estab. “separate but equal” doctrine

  6. Ethnic Enclaves & Tenements

  7. Urban Problems • Housing • Transportation • Crime • Sanitation • Fire

  8. Possible Solutions • Settlement Houses • Political Machines

  9. Beginnings of Civil Rights • WEB DuBois • Booker T Washington • Plessy v Ferguson

  10. Development of a New Mass Culture • More Leisure Time • More Information • Better ways to Buy and Sell

  11. Mass Culture cont’d • Mass Circulation of Papers • Newspaper circulation up 9xs betw. 1870-1900 • Newspaper chains & national press emerged w/ standardized news across country • “yellow journalism” – sensationalized stories w/ goal to sell papers • Literature & the Arts • Realism & naturalism = major influences on American writers • Influenced by growth of industry & rise of city • T. Dreiser & M. Twain • Art – most major cities had museums; Ashcan school = urban society • Ex. Thomas Eakins, E. Hopper

  12. Mass Culture • New Means of Buying & Selling • Increased purchasing power; middle class emerged • Dev. of affordable products & new merchandising techniques • Amer. Learned to buy/prepare food differently w/ canned goods & refrigeration • Mail Order Catalog – Sears & Roebuck; Montgomery Ward; people ordered from catalogs for products these stores sold

  13. What do you see????

  14. Uncle Sam • striped pants • stars on vest • stars & strips top hat • white hair and beard Personification of the United States

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