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Printed Reports and Forecasts

Printed Reports and Forecasts. Chapter 9, Section C. Weather Source. Aviation Weather Center www.awc-kc.noaa.gov/ awc/aviation_weather_center.html DTC or Data Transformation Corp http://www.duat.com 1 800 245-3828 DynCorp http://www.duats.com 1 800 767-9989. METAR.

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Printed Reports and Forecasts

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  1. Printed Reports and Forecasts Chapter 9, Section C

  2. Weather Source • Aviation Weather Center • www.awc-kc.noaa.gov/ awc/aviation_weather_center.html • DTC or Data Transformation Corp • http://www.duat.com • 1 800 245-3828 • DynCorp • http://www.duats.com • 1 800 767-9989

  3. METAR • Aviation routine weather reports • METAR are routinely taken every hour at 50 past the hour. They are usually entered into the computer on the hour • SPECI are special aviation weather report

  4. Visibility • Prevailing visibility is the greatest distance an observer can see and identify objects through at least half of the horizon • RVR - Runway visual range is based on what a pilot in a moving aircraft should see when looking down the runway

  5. Sky Condition • Ceiling is defined as the height of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena that is reported as broken or overcast • If tops are know, your can find the thickness of clouds by adding the airport elevation to the height to the base of the clouds and subtract from the height of the cloud tops

  6. Obscurations • With obscurations such as fog, haze and smoke, the vertical distance that you can see is reported as vertical visibility • VV008 would indicate that the sky is obscured with a vertical visibility of 800 feet

  7. Obscurations • FG - Fog is used when visibility is less than 5/8 of a mile • BR - Mist is used when visibility is between 5/8 of a mile and 6 miles • SQ - Squall indicates an increase of wind speed by 15 knots to a sustained speed of 20 knots or more for at least one minute

  8. Remarks Codes • A02 - automated station with precipitation discriminator • RAE42SNB42 - rain ended and snow began at 42 past the hour • PRESFR - Pressure falling rapidly • SLP - Sea level pressure 1004.5 millibars • T00081016 - Temperature .8o C and dewpoint is -1.6o C

  9. RADAR Weather Reports • Defines areas of precipitation especially thunderstorms • You must plot using Azimuth and range from reporting stations referencing true north • Much easier to use RADAR Summary charts or doppler radar or national RADAR compostite

  10. PIREPs • Pilot weather reports - best reports for bases and tops of clouds, in-flight visibility, icing conditions, wind shear and turbulence • PIREPs use a standard format Mandatory • UA routine report UUA urgent report • OV location in relation to a navaid • TM time in Coordinated Universal Time • FL Altitude or flight level • TP aircraft type

  11. PIREPs • SK Sky cover • WX Flight visibility and weather • TA temperature • WV wind • TB turbulence • IC icing • RM remarks

  12. TAF • Terminal Aerodrome Forecast - valid for a 24 hour period and scheduled four times a day • Primary source of destination weather • AMD means and amended forecast • COR means a corrected forecast • RTD indicates a delayed forecast

  13. Contractions • VRB - wind direction is variable • 00000KT - calm wind • P6SM - prevailing visibility expected to be greater than 6 statue miles • SKC - sky clear • PROB40 2102 +TSRA - 40% probability of thunderstorms with heavy rain between 2100Z and 0200 Z

  14. Area Forecast FA • Issued three times a day and include a forecast period of 18 hours • We are in the Chicago region • Consists of four sections • Heading • Precautionary statements • Synopsis • VFR Clouds and Weather

  15. Area Forecast FA • VFR Clouds and weather section summarizes sky condition, cloud heights, visibility, obstructions to vision, precipitation, and sustained surface winds of 20 knots or greater • When winds are to be 20 knots or greater the categorical outlook includes the contraction WND

  16. Wind and Temperature Aloft • Usually given for nine level between 3,000 and 39,000 feet • Winds are given in true direction and speed in knots • Winds not forecast within 1,500 feet of station elevation • Temperature not forecast for the 3,000-foot level or with 2,500 feet of the station elevation

  17. Wind and Temperature Aloft • Uses a four digit code for wind speed and direction, the first two digits are the wind direction in hundreds of degrees • The second two digits indicate wind speed • A two digit temperature code in degrees Celsius follows the wind speed and direction code • All temperature above 24,000 feet are negative

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