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Imperialism

Imperialism. Europe Takes Over Everything. What is Imperialism?. Control by a powerful nation over an underdeveloped or weaker nation Sometimes called colonialism. Old Imperialism. 16 th C. -19 th C. Trade routes to Americas, Asia Declined: Napoleonic Wars

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Imperialism

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  1. Imperialism Europe Takes Over Everything

  2. What is Imperialism? • Control by a powerful nation over an underdeveloped or weaker nation • Sometimes called colonialism

  3. Old Imperialism • 16th C. -19th C. • Trade routes to Americas, Asia • Declined: • Napoleonic Wars • Democratic and Nationalistic Movements • Industrial Development at home

  4. Modern Imperialism • Cause: Industrial Revolution • Cheap raw materials • Markets for manufactured goods • Large profit with minimum risk • Cause: Nationalism Glory for mother country • Military bases • Outlet for surplus population • Bring the blessings of Western Culture to savage nations: “White Man’s Burden” • US: Manifest Destiny that they must spread West

  5. Types of Imperialism • Concession • Underdeveloped country grants economic privileges • Sphere of Influence • Grants exclusive economic privileges • Protectorate • Native ruler outwardly in power, mother country runs behind the scenes • Colony • Mother country takes over

  6. Africa 1880-1914 • Why were people interested? • Resources: • Minerals: gold, diamonds, copper, bauxite, uranium • Oil • Agricultural Products: Rubber, cacao, coffee, cotton, palm oil, exotic woods • Land: Africa is REALLY big

  7. Old Imperialism • 16th -18th C. • Ports for supplying ships • Slaves • Decline: • Steamship lessened need for ports • Humanitarian efforts outlawed slavery

  8. Interest In Africa Grows • Explorers: • David Livingstone: Scottish missionary and doctor, 1840-1873, became “lost” • Henry M. Stanley: NY newspaper reporter led an expedition that “found” Livingstone • Very understated: “Dr. Livingstone, I presume” when he finally found him • Well publicized, described Geography, people and resources

  9. Europeans in Africa • Dutch founded Cape Colony in S. A. in 1652 • Dutch known as Boers, inhabitants Khoikhoi • 1815, during Napoleonic Wars, British took Cape Town from Dutch • War between slave owning Boers and British • Boers forced on Great Trek into central Africa

  10. Boers v. Zulu • On Great Trek, Boers clashed with Bantu peoples, especially the Zulu • Leader Shaka fought back first against Dutch then the British • Eventually defeated by advanced British technology

  11. More Issues: • Boers founded two states inside Africa: • Orange Free State • Transvaal

  12. OFS and Transvaal • Diamonds were discovered in OFS (1867) • Cecil Rhodes and other Brits moved into Boer territory • Rhodes founded Kimberly Mines (now DeBeers) • Envisioned British empire from Cape Town to Cairo • Set out to annex OFS and Transvaal • Gold discovered in Transvaal (1885) • Boer War (1899-1902) • British defeated Dutch and annexed territories

  13. Scramble for Africa • British want to protect trade routes to East • 1875: Queen Victoria’s PM Benjamin Disraeli purchased from bankrupt Egypt enough stock to control Suez Canal • 1882: British establish a Protectorate over Egypt

  14. Berlin Conference • Intense rivalries among Europe began to emerge • Berlin Conference (1884-1885) held to partition Africa • GB, Fr, Germ, Sp, Bel, It. • Division carried out without regard to ethnic or cultural groups in Africa Interesting Fact: They met at Otto Von Bismarck's Residence

  15. Opposition of Africa • Africans felt any possible benefits (schools, jobs, industries, hospitals) far outweighed by negatives • Economic Problems: • Europeans took fertile lands, best resources • Long hours/ low wages, unbelievable poverty • Wealth benefited foreigners • Social: Africans considered inferior • Political: remained under European rule

  16. Dailies: Imperialism • What was the White Man’s Burden? • How did the Industrial Revolution lead to imperialism? • What is the difference between a colony and a protectorate? • What were three motives for European Imperialism? • Who were the Boers? The Khoikhoi?

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