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OUTCOMES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

OUTCOMES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. Adam Smith explained the free enterprise system (laws of supply and demand, social Darwinism [survival of fittest], benefits of specialized production).

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OUTCOMES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

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  1. OUTCOMES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

  2. Adam Smith • explained the free enterprise system (laws of supply and demand, social Darwinism [survival of fittest], benefits of specialized production). • explained how individual interests are guided by an “invisible hand” to that they work for the common good. • Promoted laissez-faire policy (government stays out of business affairs) • William Wilberforce • Fought to abolish slavery in England and the British Empire (and influenced France and Spain to also do so) PEOPLE

  3. Louis Pasteur • Helped improve living conditions for all social classes • Developed the “germ theory” of science • Promoted better sanitation, developed new vaccines, and pioneered heating liquids to kill germs • Queen Victoria • Queen of England and Empress of the British Empire • Popular monarch who favored social reforms • Worked with her husband to help the poor (even giving her own money and resources) PEOPLE continued…

  4. Municipal Reforms • Made cities cleaner and more healthy (better drinking water, sewer systems, etc.) • Increased safety (police forces, street lamps) • Introduced free public elementary schools • Workers Unions • Organizations of workers fighting for better working conditions and higher wages • Used collective bargaining and the threat of strikes to try to get what they wanted INDUSTRIAL REFORMS

  5. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels opposed capitalism • Wrote The Communist Manifesto • Marx’s ideas became the basis of Communism • Workers created value through their labor • Business owners use power to take advantage of workers • Predicted that the Proletariat (workers) would rise up and overthrow capitalists in a violent revolution • Workers would establish and equal society • Everything is owned in common – no private property • No social classes • Cooperation replaces competition COMMUNISM

  6. Does not call for violent revolution Began as a political movement in the 1800s in response to injustices of industry and worker exploitation The best way to safeguard workers is to pass laws to protect them, even if the government has to own some of the businesses Formed their own political parties in much of Europe Believe workers can improve conditions by political action Government should own basic industries and provide essential services (schooling, housing, public transportation, and health care) SOCIALISM

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