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Lecture 4b- 31 January 2019 Fibre metabolism and regulation

Lecture 4b- 31 January 2019 Fibre metabolism and regulation Most of this lecture derived from Chapter 4 of Gropper. Outline of lectures 4a,b Definition of Dietary Fibre Plants and Fibre Dietary Fibre. Outline of lectures 4a,b

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Lecture 4b- 31 January 2019 Fibre metabolism and regulation

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  1. Lecture 4b- 31 January 2019 Fibre metabolism and regulation Most of this lecture derived from Chapter 4 of Gropper

  2. Outline of lectures 4a,b Definition of Dietary Fibre Plants and Fibre Dietary Fibre

  3. Outline of lectures 4a,b Some Properties-dictate physiological and metabolic effects of fibre             a) Water Solubility             b) Water Holding/Hydration Capacity as well as viscosity                      Slowed Gastric emptying Reduced mixing of gastrointestinal contents with digestive enzymes                      Reduced enzyme function                      Decreased nutrient diffusion rate                      Altered small intestine transit time

  4. Outline of lectures 4a,b Some Properties-dictate physiological and metabolic effects of fibre c) Absorption or Binding Ability                     Diminished absorption of lipids                     Increased faecal bile excretion                     Lowered serum cholesterol                     Altered mineral balance

  5. Outline of lectures 4a,b Some Properties-dictate physiological and metabolic effects of fibre d) Degradability or fermentability              Fermentable fibres                    Increased water and sodium absorption in colon                    Mucosal cell proliferation                    Provision of energy                    Acidification of luminal environment Non-fermentable fibres                    Detoxification                    Increased faecal bulk

  6. Outline of lectures 4a,4b Recommended Intake of Fibre             Implications in Disease Prevention and Management Fibre-Based Herbal Medicines

  7. Outline of lectures 4a,b Summary

  8. More Detailed Information Dietary Fibre Recommended Intake of Fibre/Implications in Disease Prevention and Management                         25- 35 grams per day-DRI-40 tops, 50 obstruction soluble fibre- hypocholesterolemic -hypoglycemic insoluble fibre- laxative

  9. Dietary Fibre How is fibre metabolism regulated in humans? -regulation of bacterial enzymes and pathways since we cannot use our own enzymes to digest.

  10. Fibre-Based Herbal Medicines  Echinacea -few controlled studies      -immune response boost-prevention or treatment of cold, flu or other infections active agents -hmw polysaccharides among others -side effects-allergic reactions may occur -use in systemic or immune system dysfunction is contraindicated

  11. Fibre-Based Herbal Medicines Ginseng -cancer prevention -fatigue reduction -few controlled studies -active agents-saponin glycosides and ginsenosides- modulate hormones and central nervous system function -side effects-negative interactions with warfarin

  12. Fibre-Based Herbal Medicines Ginkgo biloba                 -vascular flow                 -free radical scavenger -few controlled studies- -active agents-flavone glycosides-see above for effects -side effects-headaches, dizziness, palpitations

  13. Fibre-Based Herbal Medicines Garlic        -lower cholesterol       -anti-platelet aggregatory - a number of controlled studies- -active agents-allicin-see above for functions -side effects-heartburn, flatulence -anticoagulant function synergy

  14. Fibre-Based Herbal Medicines St. John's Wort            -depression            -anxiety a few well- controlled studies- -active agents-MAO inhibitor-fights depression -side effects-fatigue, allergic reactions, photosensitivity

  15. Fibre-Based Herbal Medicines Golden seal           -canker sores a number of controlled studies- -active agents-alkaloids-see above for functions -side effects-none reported

  16. Fibre-Based Herbal Medicines Glucosamine            -rheumatoid arthritis

  17. Fibre-Based Herbal Medicines Chondroitin sulphate             -rheumatoid arthritis

  18. Fibre-Based Herbal Medicines Regulatory considerations what should be regulated, how and by who?

  19. Fibre-Based Herbal Medicines Summary-figure 5.2 Gropper -no satisfactory definition of fibre -SCFAs provide energy therefore fibre is energy yielding -varied soluble and insoluble fibre content in different foods-implications for such differences?

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