1 / 25

Enzymes (Part I)

Enzymes (Part I). Objectives for today. What are enzymes? What do they do? Characteristic of enzymes. Overview . Biological Molecules. Water and Living Organisms . Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins . Enzymes . Lock & Key hypothesis. Specificity. Factors affecting enzyme reactions.

kueng
Télécharger la présentation

Enzymes (Part I)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Enzymes (Part I)

  2. Objectives for today • What are enzymes? What do they do? • Characteristic of enzymes

  3. Overview Biological Molecules Water and Living Organisms Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins Enzymes Lock & Key hypothesis Specificity Factors affecting enzyme reactions Speed up chemical Rxn Mode of Action Not chemically altered at the end Of Rxn pH Temperature Lowering Activation Energy

  4. Recap • Functions of food for living organism • Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids • Condensation and hydrolysis

  5. How can the waffle be quickly broken down into individual glucose, lipid molecule and amino acid to provide you with energy?

  6. Hydrolysis in the Lab • However, in laboratory, hydrolysis of complex food molecules like starch takes a long time and to speed things up, high temperature is needed to chemically break down starch molecules!

  7. Hydrolysis in our Body • So, how is it possible that our body can break down food molecules so fastand break down in a relatively low temperature of 37˚C?

  8. Enzymes • Enzymes are biological catalyst… It has mass Most enzymes are made up of proteins There are thousands of different enzymes in our body each with a unique function!

  9. Catalyst ** • “Substance which can alter or speed up a chemical reaction, without itself being chemically changed at the end of the reaction” • Speed up chemical reaction • Without being chemically changed

  10. Crack the seed demonstration! • Need 2 volunteers • Objective is to crack 10 seeds in 1 min • See who is the faster one!

  11. Can we break the glycosidic bonds? Hydrolytic reaction The break up of a disaccharide into monosaccharid is sped up by enzyme ENZYME + + OH OH Water 1 Maltose 2 Glucose

  12. Water Water ENZYME ENZYME OH OH OH OH

  13. Cut the wire Speed up the cutting process! Scissors After cutting, still remain as a scissors! Not altered!

  14. Enzyme Speed up the chemical reaction! Like condensation and hydrolysis ENZYME Not chemically altered at the end of the reaction!

  15. Quick facts • Since it is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction, enzymes can be used over and over again! • An enzyme which helps to break down starch can produce millions of glucose molecules in ONE second!

  16. The Seed cracker is the catalyst! • Speed up chemical reaction • Without being chemically changed

  17. 3. Lower Activation energy Exam! Normal Day 7:29am Products = “ You in school with uniform” 6:20am Reactants = “ You in bed in home clothes”

  18. 3. Lower Activation energy With Enzymes! Without Enzymes Products = “Glucose molecules” Reactants = “ Starch + Water”

  19. Activation energy • Activation energy is defined as the energy needed to start a chemical reaction. • Since activation is lowered, our body can break down many biomolecules at 37˚C. No need any high temperature heating breakdown like those in labs.

  20. Summary

  21. Some review questions • Enzymes are only found in living things • Enzymes cannot be re-used after a chemical reaction since it has undergone chemical reactions • The activation energy is higher for a enzymatic reaction because enzymes need energy to function • Enzymes can only break things down and not build things up

  22. Going a bit further • Where can enzymes be found? • Can they be extracted out of the body and still be functional? • Let’s look at something more close to our lives!

  23. Flies! Do you know how they eat?

  24. HW • Find out what is the meaning of G6PD!

More Related