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The Era of Exploration: Portuguese Pioneers and Their Impact on Atlantic Migration

In the 15th century, Portuguese explorers became leaders in maritime travel. Under Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal established a hub for astronomical and geographic studies, leading to significant advancements in navigation. Bartolomeu Dias first round the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, while Vasco da Gama reached India in 1497, establishing a direct maritime route to Asia. Concurrently, Vikings like Leif Ericson reached North America around 1000 AD, but Columbus's 1492 voyage to the Americas marked a turning point in global migration, driven by a miscalculation of distances.

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The Era of Exploration: Portuguese Pioneers and Their Impact on Atlantic Migration

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  1. Chapter 1 Section 4 Migration to America

  2. Portuguese Exploration: • The Portuguese will become the early leaders in sea travel. • 1419: Prince Henry the Navigator set up a center for astronomical and geographic studies within Portugal. • He brought in mapmakers, astronomers, and shipbuilders from all over Europe. • Goal: The Portuguese began charting the Western coast of Africa with the intentions of finding a trade route to Asia.

  3. Famous Portuguese Explorers: • Bartolomeu Dias (1488): Became the first European to reach the southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope). • This will lead to more voyages around Africa. • Vasco da Gama (1497): Becomes the first European to sail around Africa, into the Indian Ocean, and reach India. • Importance: Found a direct water route to Asia.

  4. Vikings: * Around 700: Vikings (Norse) started to explore into the Atlantic Ocean. • Archeological evidence shows that the Vikings were the first Europeans to arrive in the America’s. • 1,001: Leif Ericson explored the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland. • Their attempt to settle permanently failed because the natives opposed them (More #’s and better weapons).

  5. Columbus: • Mid 1400’s: Christopher Columbus (Italian navigator) becomes interested in sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. • Belief: He can reach India (Far East) by sailing west. • Why: Columbus studied the ancient works of Ptolemy. • Ptolemy: Egyptian mapmaker whose maps showed the basic lines of longitude. They only showed Europe, Africa, and Asia.

  6. Columbus Miscalculates: • He believed that the distance from Spain to Asia was much shorter than it actually is (He could get there in a few days). • 1484: Columbus sought Portuguese financial backing for his voyage. • 1488: He is turned down by the Portuguese because they sailed around Africa. • He will then look to England and France for support. • He is a man without a country to sail for.

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