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Understanding Group Dynamics: Formation, Structure, and Effectiveness

This chapter explores the definition and characteristics of groups, highlighting the critical aspects such as membership stability, shared interests, and social interaction. It examines traditional and contemporary models of group dynamics, including the punctuated equilibrium model. The text discusses the impact of cultural diversity on group performance, the phenomenon of social loafing, and effective decision-making techniques to mitigate process loss. Additionally, it addresses research limitations in studying groups and the complexity of defining group effectiveness.

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Understanding Group Dynamics: Formation, Structure, and Effectiveness

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  1. Chapter 8 - Groups Pt 1: March 24, 2009

  2. Group definition • 2 or more people who… • Interact socially/professionally • Have some stability of membership • Share common interests/goals • Recognize themselves as a group • Many reasons for forming groups • Examples?

  3. Models of Groups • Old model w/5 stages (see book) – forming, storming, etc…but now recognize not universal stages • Punctuated-equilibrium model now more popular. • Phase 1 – • Phase 2 – • Research?

  4. Group Performance • Older assumption of social facilitation effect on performance in groups • Groups outperform individuals • But may depend on individuals’ skill level • Evaluation apprehension? • Related to issue of computerized perf monitoring –

  5. Groups & Diversity • How does cultural diversity affect groups? • Effects differ over time – • How? • Effects differ based on group task -

  6. Social Loafing • On additive tasks, likely some members will loaf – not provide max input • Why? • Cultural differences? • How can social loafing be reduced?

  7. Group Structure • Larger the group, less member satisfaction • Research indicates the following reasons: • Also disadvantage of “Process loss”: • What is it?

  8. Performance & Task Type • Do larger groups perform better? Depends: • Additive tasks – what is this? • Disjunctive – • Conjunctive – • What does research indicate?

  9. Group Decision Techniques • To reduce process loss or members’ inhibitions: • Nominal group technique: • Delphi technique:

  10. Research Issues • What are the boundaries of the group? • Difficulties w/identifying a group • Limited amount of field research on groups • Most are lab studies of nominal groups…does that matter? • Potential disadvantages of this - • Can still examine process variables that may not change

  11. What is group ‘effectiveness’? • Problem w/identifying appropriate DV for group effectiveness studies • Most operational defs of ‘effectiveness’ have included: • 1. • 2. • 3.

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