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National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and Map Modernization History and Overview

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and Map Modernization History and Overview. Bill Massey and Sam Crampton Dewberry. South Florida Water Management District Floodplain Management Training May 2005. Legislative History of the NFIP. Key Legislation.

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National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and Map Modernization History and Overview

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  1. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and Map ModernizationHistory and Overview Bill Massey and Sam Crampton Dewberry South Florida Water Management District Floodplain Management Training May 2005

  2. Legislative Historyof the NFIP

  3. Key Legislation • National Flood Insurance Actof 1968: • Established the NFIP • Requires mapping of floodprone areas • Makes flood insurance available in communities that adopt floodplain management ordinances that meet minimum NFIP criteria Dewberry

  4. Key Legislation • Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973: • Mandates purchase of flood insurance for insurable structures within floodprone areas as condition of receipt of Federal or federally backed financing • Requires that no Federal or federally backed financing be made available in identified Special Flood Hazard Areas of non-participating communities within 1 year after hazards are identified Dewberry

  5. Key Legislation • National Flood Insurance ReformAct (NFIRA) of 1994: • Strengthened flood insurance requirements • Required that a community’s NFIP maps be reviewed and assessed for map update needs at least once every 5 years • Established a Technical MappingAdvisory Council to advise FEMA on ways to improve the maps Dewberry

  6. Historical Note • The first flood insurance legislation was passed in 1956- “National Flood Insurance Act of 1956”, however: • IT WAS NEVER FUNDED • IT WAS FOR FLOOD INSURANCE ONLY - NO FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT WAS REQUIRED Dewberry

  7. Why Do We Need The National Flood Insurance Program? 1. Over 80% of the natural disaster losses in the United States are caused by flooding!2. Normal homeowners insurance does NOT cover losses caused by flooding!3. Without floodplain management, flood insurance is just another government assistance program

  8. How the NFIP Works

  9. NFIP Overview • Purposes of the NFIP: • Make flood insuranceavailable • Identify floodplainareas and flood risk zones • Provide framework for a community’s floodplain management ordinances • Requires something in return- Floodplain Management for Flood Insurance Dewberry

  10. Flood Facts • NFIP program is self-funded • 4. 3 million policies in force countrywide • $607 billion in insurance coverage • 80% of all natural disasters are flood related Dewberry

  11. Community Participation • How does a community participate? • What does non-participation mean? Dewberry

  12. Emergency Program Entry-level Flat Rates Limited coverage Flood Hazard Boundary Map Regular Program Full Participation Actuarial Rates Add’l coverage Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) Program Phases Dewberry

  13. Make Flood Insurance Available • Reduces disaster-relief costs by having those most at risk of flooding bear the costs of recovery • 4.4 million policies currently in force($599 billion in coverage) • Flood insurance is mandatory in the1% annual chance floodplain as a condition of Federal or federally backed financing to protect financial interests of the Federal Government Dewberry

  14. Community Participation COMMUNITY COMMITMENT • Floodplain management means building ordinance control • Floodplain management reduces losses for new development and substantial damage/improvement in SFHA Dewberry

  15. Community Participation • COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM • Provides incentives to a community for doing activities over minimum requirements • To develop extra measures to provide protection from flooding • To promote awareness of NFIP Dewberry

  16. Community Participation • COMMUNITY PROBATION • $50 surcharge • All policies, new and renewal • COMMUNITY SUSPENSION • No new/renewal policies • No federal mortgage assistance in SFHA • No disaster assistance in SFHA Dewberry

  17. Community Status List HOW TO OBTAIN: COUNTRYWIDE http://www.fema.gov.csb.htm SERVICE CENTER 1-800-358-9616 Dewberry

  18. Identify Floodplain Areas and Flood Risk Zones • Over 82,000 map panels for approximately 17,500 communities • Over 100 million acres of floodplain mapped • Approximately 6 million acres of floodway along 40,000 stream miles • Aproximately 12,000 communities in the U.S. have detailed flood hazard studies Dewberry

  19. It’s Required • MAKE • INCREASE • RENEW • EXTEND * Or at any time during term of loan Dewberry

  20. OCC OTS FDIC FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD NCUA FmHA FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FNMA FHLMC SBA FHA/HUD VA Federal Agencies Dewberry

  21. Identify Floodplain Areas and Flood Risk Zones • Flood hazard maps are an important tool for flood mitigation • Knowledge of where flood hazards are located allows for wise land use decisions • More about identifying and mapping flood hazards later in this presentation Dewberry

  22. Provide Framework for Floodplain Management • Communities must adopt and enforce floodplain management ordinances that meet minimum NFIP criteria • It is the community that enforces the floodplain management ordinances, not FEMA • Ordinances pertain to siting of new construction, as well as the building methods and material Dewberry

  23. Provide Framework for Floodplain Management • Goal is to not increase flood risk to existing structures and minimize future flood damage potential of new construction • Compliance saves estimated $800 million annually in building and contents damage Dewberry

  24. Wise Floodplain Management • Adopt a floodway, which is the area to be kept free of obstructions, to allow a flood to pass through a community with minimal damage • Adopt building codes and land use ordinances that minimize structures’ exposure to flood damage Dewberry

  25. LIMIT OF 1% ANNUAL CHANCE FLOODPLAIN FLOODWAY FLOODWAY—AREA TO BE KEPT FREE FROM ENCROACHMENT The Floodway Concept Dewberry

  26. Elevation Requirements for Residential Structures Dewberry

  27. How Flood Hazards Are Studied and Mapped

  28. FEMA’s Flood HazardMapping Program KEY TERMS: • Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) • The area that has a 1% or greater chance of being inundated inany given year--the standard chosen for the NFIP • BFE • Base (1% annual chance) Flood Elevation Dewberry

  29. FEMA’s Flood HazardMapping Program • Fundamental tenet is to provide up-to-date, accurate flood hazard information to communities, lenders, and homeowners • FEMA hires local engineering firms and other Federal agencies to conduct Flood Insurance Studies (FISs) • Finite mapping budget Dewberry

  30. Step 1. Field Reconnaissance Step 2. Analysis Step 3. Mapping Components ofFlood Insurance Study Dewberry

  31. Step 1.Field Reconnaissance • Locate/verify benchmarks to be used as study elevation reference marks • Perform cross section surveys • Gather/measure geometry of bridges, culverts, etc. • Establish roughness coefficients for channel and overbanks • Assess/evaluate flood mitigation structures Dewberry

  32. Step 2. Analysis • Hydrologic analyses establish the volumetric rate of flow (how much water?) • Hydraulic analyses establish the extent of flood hazards (how high is the water?) • Computer programs used to model the flood hazards • BFEs/depths specified on the flood hazard maps Dewberry

  33. Factors That AffectFlood Levels • Watershed characteristics • Channel and overbank geometry (cross sections) • Structures (bridges, culverts, dams) • Roughness of channel and overbanks (resistance to flow) • Flood levels at downstream cross sections Dewberry

  34. Hydraulic Analyses:Sample Cross Sections Dewberry

  35. Step 3. Mapping • Topographic Map: • Used to delineate floodplain boundaries and floodway based on computed flood elevations • Best available topographic information used • Community sometimes has its own topographic mapping available that can be used Dewberry

  36. Step 3. Mapping • Base Map: • Source for physical features(e.g., roads) and politicalboundaries (e.g., corporate limits) • Supplements work map to provide complete coverage of community • Typical sources: • Community map (often uncontrolled) • USGS quadrangle maps Dewberry

  37. Topography Flood Data Base = Step 3. Mapping Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map Dewberry

  38. Importance of Updated Flood Hazard Information • Flood hazards are dynamic • Flood hazard map inventory must be continually updated and maintained • With up-to-date flood hazard data: • Map users can make prudent siting, design, and flood insurance purchase decisions • Communities can administer sound floodplain management programs Dewberry

  39. Map Modernization Program • Will re-map the country with new digital flood data • Create new management tools to better manage the map modernization program to ensure success • Create new GIS tools and products for the end user • Create partnerships with states and local communities to better leverage data collection and map maintenance Dewberry

  40. Map Modernization Program Map Use Maps used an estimated 15-20 million times annually for: • Mandatory purchase determinations • Flood insurance rating • Floodplain management • Emergency management purposes • Planning and development Dewberry

  41. Map Modernization Program Who Uses Flood Maps? • Insurance companies, agent and adjusters • Community floodplain managers and planners • Disaster and emergency response officials • Banks/lenders • Property owners • Engineers and land surveyors • Land development industry • Real estate professionals Dewberry

  42. Map Modernization Program Why Update Flood Maps? • Reduce potential loss of life and property through sound floodplain management • Reduce national flood insurance program (NFIP) and disaster costs • Protect natural and beneficial values of floodplains • Assure accurate insurance rating Dewberry

  43. Map Modernization Program Goals: • Eliminate backlog of map revisions • Incorporate emerging technologies • Increase local investment and ownership of maps • Provide better customer service • Increase public awareness of flood risk Dewberry

  44. Map Modernization Program Importance of Base Map Updates Old Base Maps New Base Maps Dewberry

  45. FEMA Maps Online • All FEMA-issued firms and FIS reports are available to view online or for purchase through FEMA’s flood map store at www.fema.gov • Portions of FIRM panels can be printed out to scale using the “FIRMette” tool as described below: • Click on “FEMA flood map store” on the left-hand side of the screen Dewberry

  46. Digital FIRM Dewberry

  47. QUESTIONS ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

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