Defense of Trains and Rail System Infrastructure in Arizona.

1. Defense of Trains and Rail System Infrastructure in Arizona. • Laura Gladney • Tim Lant • Erin Mote • Rick Rager

2. Arizona Overview • 2100 miles of track. • Major rail yard in Tucson. • Branch lines through Phoenix. • The Union Pacific Sunset Route • Arizona’s busiest rail line. • Connects Los Angeles, Tucson and El Paso. • High volume of industrial cargo. • Passenger Routes share lines with cargo trains. • Mining Industry dependent on rail transportation. • Bottlenecks at Yuma and near Tucson.

3. Rail Lines in Arizona Rail Infrastructure

4. Sunset Route Rail Infrastructure Union Pacific Rail Lines in Arizona

5. Rail Infrastructure

6. Regulation: • Federal • Federal Railroad Association • Set standards for car maintenance & labor standards. • DOE/NRC/EPA • Set standards and test nuclear waste packaging. • Department of Homeland Security • Oversight of defense & response through FEMA. • Oversight of U.S. Customs • U.S. Customs • C-TPAT (Customs Trade Partnership against Terrorism) Certification • State • Only intrastate commerce and transportation!!! • Clean-up.

7. Regulation: • Corporate • Security and maintenance of all rail assets. • Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism Certification (C-TPAT) • Security assessment & certification • TRAMSA (Terrorism Risk Analysis and Security Management Plan) • Security alert and response plan. • Railway Alert System (RAN) • Emergency response system and intelligence sharing. • Surface Transportation Information Sharing Analysis Center (ST-ISAC) • Protection of railroad IT systems.

8. Regulation Federal Agency Involvement Dept. of Homeland Security (DOH) Assoc. of American Railroads Railroad Industry Dept. of Transpor- tation (DOT) Depart-ment of Energy (DOE)

9. Regulation Cont. Department of Energy DOE Nuclear Regulatory Commission Determines the standards for transportation of nuclear waste

10. FEMA- Coordination of Emergency Response DOH Customs- Certification and Cargo Inspection Coast Guard- Cargo Entry Inspection Regulation Cont. Department of Homeland Security

11. FRA -Enforcement of Railroad Regulation FTA- Commuter Rail Security ITSJPO – Coordination of all DOT Agencies DOT STC- Economic Regulation of Railroads (replaced ICC) OISC - DOT Security Agency Regulation Cont. Department of Transportation Interagency Coordination:

12. Risks & Vulnerabilities • Vulnerabilities to terrorism and sabotage: • Hazardous cargo moving through high population areas. • Industrial chemicals • Nuclear waste • Critical infrastructure with high traffic. • Passenger Trains.

13. Risks & Vulnerabilities • High frequency of train accidents. • Less expensive for rail carriers to clean up accidents than to prevent accidents.

14. Terrorism & Sabotage: • Scenario I: HazMat. • High population center. • Cargo of explosive or hazardous materials.

15. Terrorism & Sabotage: • Scenario I: Specifics. • Phoenix, Tempe, or Tucson. • Explosives on railcar or derailment. • Large Blast Radius or Chemical Cloud. Phoenix Tucson

16. Terrorism & Sabotage: • Scenario I: Policy recommendations. • Evacuation plan for metropolitan areas. • Patrols of rail lines by local police. • Divert shipments around cities when possible. • Training for incident response team. • Oversight by Office of Homeland Security and Arizona Department of Homeland Security.

17. Terrorism & Sabotage: • Scenario II - Passenger: • Amtrack train on Sunset route. • High speed derailment or explosion.

18. Terrorism & Sabotage: • Scenario II -Specifics: • High speed = High fatalities. • Rock slides or high falls. • Scenario II – Policy Recommendations: • Train Marshalls. • Passenger Screenings. • Police check bridges and tunnels.

19. Terrorism & Sabotage: • Scenario III – Take out the Bridge! • Destroy Yuma Bridge with explosives. • Remove rail ties near Tucson. Yuma Bridge

20. Terrorism & Sabotage: • Scenario III: • No Alternate Routes!!! • Disruption of train service in Southwest, California and Texas. • Destruction of critical infrastructure.

21. Terrorism & Sabotage: • Scenario III-Policy Recommendations: • Place sensors on bridges to detect tampering. • Visual Inspection by local police. • Closed circuit monitoring coordinated through ST-IASC.

22. Terrorism & Sabotage • Scenario IV – Nuclear Catastrophe: • Attack a train carrying nuclear waste.

23. Terrorism & Sabotage • Scenario IV: • Explosives placed on waste package. • Derailment will “probably” not work.

24. Terrorism & Sabotage • Scenario IV - Specifics: • Waste containers strong enough to withstand crush forces and sustained burn. • 40 pounds of shaped high level explosives will vaporize waste and container. • 30 times fatal radiation dose from α-radiation. • Nuclear chain reaction from γ-radiation. • Less than 4% of radioactive waste.

25. Terrorism & Sabotage • Scenario IV – Policy Recommendations: • Be very careful with γ-radiation. • Existing Policy • TRU waste packages. • Satellite Navigation Systems. • Armed Escorts. • Dedicated Trains. • Reinforced Train cars. • Special cars that check tracks before trains.

26. Terrorism & Sabotage • Other Scenarios. • Dirty-Bomb moving through populated area on train. • Release of biological agent on train. • Computer hacking into control center. • Theft of train. • Multiple scenario attack.

27. Questions?