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South Asia

South Asia. History and Government. Map of South Asia. The Region’s Countries. Pakistan India Nepal Bhutan. Sri Lanka Bangladesh Maldives. Quick History . . . Early Civilization 2500 BC – civilization in this area began in the Indus Valley (now Pakistan)

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South Asia

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  1. South Asia History and Government

  2. Map of South Asia

  3. The Region’s Countries • Pakistan • India • Nepal • Bhutan • Sri Lanka • Bangladesh • Maldives

  4. Quick History . . . • Early Civilization • 2500 BC – civilization in this area began in the Indus Valley (now Pakistan) • The Arayans (light-skinned people from Iran) • Established small kingdoms on the Ganges Plain; pushed out the dark-skinned Dravidians (southward) • Major Empires – • Mauryan: united most of India; spread of Buddhism • Gupta: ruled during peaceful times • Mughal: (ca. 1500s) • Formed with the new wave of invaders in the 5th century • Muslims conquered and occupied the area in the Indus Valley/Ganges Plain • Started the struggle between Muslims and Hindus in the region

  5. Quick History . . . (cont.) • 1757 – Great Britain gains control over India • This dominance by Great Britain was made possible by the trading company, the British East India Company. • 1857 – revolt by the Indians; the British government establishes direct rule • August 14, 1947 – India became independent • Led to a division of India • West and East Pakistan chose to separate from India (major Muslim population) - - - would become Pakistan and Bangladesh, respectively • The division of India = violence between Muslims and Hindus

  6. Quick History . . . (cont.) • 1950 – India adopted a constitution and became a democratic republic • The largest in the world (population is over 1 billion) • 1971 – problems for East & West Pakistan (Civil War) • The 1,100 mile separation caused more problems than the religious ties that bound the two regions. • East Pakistan wanted their own country, but West Pakistan did not want that to happen CIVIL WAR • East Pakistan would win independence (with help from India) • Nepal and Bhutan were able to maintain the independence because of their isolated locations.

  7. The Region’s Governments • Democratic Republic • Simply Defined – a government without a king or queen; people elect representatives to make decisions • Example: India – takes from both the US and Great Britain • The US: a federation of states held together by a strong central government • Great Britain: parliamentary democracy • The majority party’s leader become the prime minister • Islamic Republic • Constitutional Monarchies • The power of the monarch is shared with a constitutional body • A modern adaptation of monarchy • Examples: Nepal, Bhutan

  8. Important Individuals • Siddhartha Gautama • A prince that would eventually seek answers to the question of mankind’s suffering • His search would lead to the development of the Buddhist beliefs, and his transformation to Buddha • Mohandas Ghandi • Also referred to as Mahatmas Ghandi • Mahatmas = “the Great Soul” • Led India to independence • Believed in the use of nonviolent resistance; peace and love were more powerful than violence

  9. Important Groups • Sherpas • Originate from the high Himalayas are the traditional mountain guides of the Everest region • One of multiple groups that trace their ancestry back to Tibet • Ethnic Groups of the Islands: • Sinhalese – people from the northern plains of India that crossed over to Sri Lanka • Tamils – Dravidian Hindus from southern India

  10. 20th Century Issues • Conflict Between Muslims and Hindus • 1946 – Britain agreed to independence of India if the Indian leaders could agree on a form of government • The Muslims and Hindus could not reach an agreement; riots broke out between the two • 1947 – it was decided that the best solution was to partition the subcontinent in Hindu and Muslim countries • Hindu – India • Muslim – Pakistan • August 15, 1947 – formal independence of Indian and Pakistan • People of the different religions actually relocated to the area where their religion was the dominant faith.

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