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Chapter Two, Section Three

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lamar-bruce
26 diapositives · 392 Views · Nov 20, 2014

In the struggle for self-governance, New Hampshire led the way by establishing a state constitution prior to the Declaration of Independence. By 1780, other colonies followed suit, forming bicameral legislatures and electing governors to enforce laws. Amidst the Revolutionary War, the need for unity became apparent, leading to the formation of the Articles of Confederation. However, this first constitution soon revealed its weaknesses, prompting significant issues like Shays' Rebellion, and ultimately necessitating a return to Philadelphia to create a stronger federal government.

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Chapter Two, Section Three
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  1. Chapter Two, Section Three

  2. “The Nation’s First Governments”

  3. Urge for Self Government

  4. Urge for Self Government • New Hampshire will become the colony to organize as a “state”. • They created a “constitution” for their new state months before independence was declared.

  5. Urge for Self Government • A “constitution” is a detailed, written plan for government. • By 1780, the remaining colonies also followed their lead.

  6. New Governments • These early governments created legislatures to create laws. • Most were “bicameral”, meaning they were divided into TWO houses or parts.

  7. New Governments • Each state had a governor who was elected by the legislature or the people. • The governors were to carry out the laws.

  8. New Governments • Finally, a system of judges and courts were created. • The courts were to interpret the laws and decide how they should be applied.

  9. Massachusetts???

  10. Massachusetts??? • Split power among 3 branches. • Governor could “check” power of legislature. • State constitution created by elected delegates, then approved by citizens.

  11. Need for Unity

  12. Need for Unity • If the colonies were to be successful against Great Britain, it was imperative that they stand united. • 13 separate states would be easily conquered by Britain.

  13. “Articles of Confederation”

  14. “Articles of Confederation” • The “Articles of Confederation” was the first attempt at a constitution for the United States. • A “confederation” is a group of individuals (or governments) who band together for a common purpose.

  15. Problems Quickly Begin!

  16. Problems Quickly Begin! • The “Articles of Confederation” created a one house legislature, with each state having one vote. • BUT, it had no power to enforce laws or collect taxes!

  17. Problems Quickly Begin! • 1781, all 13 states had “ratified”, or approved, the constitution. • But to pass any laws, 9 of the 13 states had to agree. • To “amend”, or change, any parts required a unanimous vote!

  18. It seemed like THIS…

  19. But it is really THIS!!

  20. Looks good, but no real power!

  21. Revolutionary War

  22. Revolutionary War • In 1783, the “United States” defeats Great Britain after 7 years of war. • The “Treaty of Paris” ends the conflict. • The new Congress found itself deep in debt (as did the states).

  23. Shay’s Rebellion (1786-1787)

  24. Shay’s Rebellion (1786-1787) • In Massachusetts, a farmer named Daniel Shay led over 1,200 farmers on a raid against a federal arsenal. • Shay was protesting the seizure of his farm by the government.

  25. Return to Philadelphia • After the rebellion, 12 states agreed to return to Philadelphia to revise the “Articles of Confederation”. • Their goal was to create a stronger central government.

  26. George Washington’s Advice • “I do not conceive we can exist long as a nation without having lodged somewhere a power, which will pervade the whole Union.”