1. UNIT #4 Challenges of the Greatest Generation

2. Today’s Agenda 1. Grade Tree 2. Review Unit 3 Test A’s, B’s, C’s – receive curve D’s, F’s – must have test signed to receive curve 3. Unit 4 Pre-Test – Easy Way or Hard Way 4. Introduction Notes 5. Class work – Video (NO TALKING)

3. Key Learning • Challenges of the Greatest Generation (1919-1945): Students will examine and analyze primary and secondary sources in order to differentiate between historical fact and historical interpretation. Unit Essential Question • How do primary and secondary sources present different accounts of the 1920s, Great Depression and World War II?

4. 1920’s America • Postwar attitudes • Social and Cultural Movements • Economics of the 20’s The roaring twenties: the best of times or the worst of times???

5. 1920’s Politics A Republican decade: republican presidents took credit for the improving economy of the early-mid 20’s Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover

6. 1920’s Economy Americans optimistic about economy in the 1920’s. Value of stocks soar Increase in real wages: value of money Trust and confidence in big business Welfare Capitalism Crash Course

7. Homework • Read – • Chapter 21 Sections 1 & 2

8. Concept #1 – 1920s • Concept Essential Question – How did the Roaring Twenties affect economic policy and cause social change? • Lesson Question #1 – • How did politics and the economy change during the 1920s? • What impact will these changes have on future events? • Vocabulary – Isolation Disarmament Kellog-Briand Pact Assembly Line Installment Buying Bull Market On Margin

9. “A Return to NORMALCY” • The words above were said by Warren G Harding during his inauguration speech in March 1920. What do you think he meant by these words? • Be prepared to share with class.

10. 1920 Election • Warren G Harding defeated James Cox • Cabinet Members • Andrew Mellon (Sec of Treasury) • Herbert Hoover (Sec of Commerce) • “Ohio Gang” • Problems • Teapot Dome Scandal

11. Death of President Harding • August 1923 – Harding has heart attack and dies • Caused by scandals involving friends • VP Calvin Coolidge “Silent Cal” • Sworn in by father • Tight with money and words

12. 1924 Election • Calvin Coolidge vs. Robert La Follette and John Davis • Voters = “Keep Cool with Coolidge” • Prosperity for all Americans depended on business prosperity • Cut government regulations

13. Foreign Affairs • US Foreign Policy – Isolation • Peace Treaties with WWI enemies • Did not join League of Nations • Soviet Union • Lenin creates Communist State • 1921 – Famine (US sends $20 million) • Saved 10 million Russians • Latin America • 1926 – Nicaragua • 1927 – Mexico

14. Disarmament • Washington Conference • 4 Power Treaty – respect country’s Pacific holdings • US, England, France, Japan • 5 Power Treaty – freeze navies at 1921 levels • US, England, France, Japan & Italy • 9 Power Treaty – “Open Doors” to China • US, England, France, Japan, Italy, Belgium, China, Netherlands, Portugal • Kellog-Briand Pact

15. Calvin Coolidge • “The business of America is business. The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man who works there worships there.” • What does this quote say about the American point of view on business?

16. Homework • Chapter 21 Sections 3 & 4

17. What is one TV commercial that has influenced you to buy its product? Explain why

18. Rise in Consumerism • Buy more stuff!!! New patterns of consumption (people are buying more) and leisure (people have more free time) appear in the 1920’s. WHY?

19. 1. Henry Ford and the Assembly Line Henry Ford, develops the assembly line and specialization as new processes of production for automobiles Mass produces a few models of cars 14 hours to 93 minutes Cost - $850 down to $290

20. Ford changes the way industries produce goods: mass production = available for everyone What impact will there be on other industries?

21. 2. Technological Advances New technologies emerge that make production of goods easier, faster, and more efficient- can make more and more stuff for the everyday consumer!

27. 3. Credit and Installment Buying Buy now, pay later! Makes it accessible for everyday people to buy more, and worry about paying for it later Leads to a buying spree in the 1920’s

28. Americans by luxury goods like radios, sewing machines, fridges, cars By 1929, almost 75% of consumer goods were being bought on credit

29. 4. Advertising Advertisements and movies fed peoples’ desire to buy material things Americans now buy for pleasure as well as need

30. What is this ad trying to sell? • Who is the target consumer? • What about this ad might catch their interest? (find examples in the text AND images) • What social or cultural values are being promoted in this ad? Explain. • What is the unstated message that the ad is using to persuade people to buy the product?

31. What is this ad trying to sell? • Who is the target consumer? • What about this ad might catch their interest? (find examples in the text AND images) • What social or cultural values are being promoted in this ad? • What is the unstated message that the ad is using to persuade people to buy the product?

32. What is this ad trying to sell? • Who is the target consumer? • What about this ad might catch their interest? (find examples in the text AND images) • What social or cultural values are being promoted in this ad? • What is the unstated message that the ad is using to persuade people to buy the product?

33. Do you follow fashion and culture trends, or do you consider yourself a trendsetter?

34. STOCK MARKET Let’s make a quick buck!!!

35. Speculation Buy it on credit! & We can make a quick profit! • These attitudes led to an increase in speculation over investment • Speculation: short term investment at high risks, looking for a fast, high profit • Investment: long term, low risk investment, with steady profits and concern about the value of the company they’re invested in

36. Buying on margin A common way for smaller-time investors to enter the stock market on credit

37. Buying on Margin- Risky • “Call loans”- banks loaned the money to the broker to cover the cost. The bank could call for payment in as little as 24 hrs. • Stock prices rise = no problems • Stock prices fall: 1. banks would call in loans from brokers 2. brokers would have to increase margins (amt. of cash the customer paid forward) to raise enough cash…or sell the stock 3. customer has to pay more or risk losing his stock

38. A Pool of Speculators They buy large amts. of stock and sometimes trade amongst themselves- drives up stock price More investors jump in when they see increase trading of that stock- those in the pool make huge profits Investors try to sell, cause a panic, and the stock collapses

39. 3. U.S. a Creditor Nation Countries owed U.S. money High tariffs kept foreign countries from selling in U.S. Countries defaulted on loans. Couldn’t pay back U.S.

40. 4. Easy Credit People spend more than they could afford

41. Class Work • Advertising – • Partner or Individual Work • Select a current product or create a new product • Come up with a new advertising campaign for the product that you and your partner have selected • Create rough draft • Turn in FINAL COPY on large paper

42. Exit Ticket • What future problems could the events in the 1920s lead to?

43. Homework #2 • Read – • Chapter 21 Sections 3 & 4

44. Concept #1 – 1920s • Lesson Essential Question #2 – • How did social and cultural norms change in the 1920s? • Vocabulary – Prohibition 18th Amendment Bootleggers 19th Amendment Speakeasies Fad Flapper

45. Prohibition 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act- the sale and manufacture of alcohol is banned in the United States Inspired by temperance movement: alcohol is a drain on society and the root cause of many problems in American society

47. Why do you think the 18th Amendment passed? • Why would some people think it would be a good idea to stop people from drinking? • Do you think stopping the manufacturing and selling of alcohol would keep people from drinking? • What kinds of problems may arise from shutting down the business and industry of alcohol?

48. Prohibition Era of “clear thinking and clean living” Nearly impossible to enforce Why? Leads to bootlegging, speakeasies, and organized crime

49. Class work • St Valentine’s Day Massacre • Read Story • Complete worksheet & essay

50. Video • The Untouchables • America – the Story of US: Prohibition