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Transport, Circulation, Immunity

Transport, Circulation, Immunity. Simple diffusion. Facilitated diffusion. Active transport. Bulk transport. With/down or against/up concentration gradient. Need ATP?. Need membrane proteins?. 4 ways that substances can cross into/out of a cell. With/down. With/down. Against/up.

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Transport, Circulation, Immunity

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  1. Transport, Circulation, Immunity

  2. Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transport Bulk transport With/down or against/up concentration gradient Need ATP? Need membrane proteins? 4 ways that substances can cross into/out of a cell With/down With/down Against/up With or against No No Yes (to change shape of transport protein) Yes (to move & rearrange membrane) No Yes Yes Yes

  3. Overview of Transport A delivery system for materials Blood is constantly contained in vessels Hemolymph is not always in vessels

  4. paramecium hydra http://nrhs.nred.org/www/nred_nrhs/site/hosting/KentScienceDepartment/myweb5/paramecium.jpg http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio101/labquiz2/amoeboid%20protzoans.jpg Carefully review the adaptations for transport of each organism!! http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=cicrulation+in+earthworm+grasshopper+and+human&view=detail&id=0D7D5DD8F3013F49A5D82BA023F75241CF101B89&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR&adlt=strict http://entomology.unl.edu/charts/circulat.gif

  5. Human circulation http://images.tutorvista.com/content/circulation-animals/human-blood-circulatory-system.jpeg

  6. Comparing Adaptations for Transport

  7. Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems NO YES YES, primitive heart YES, heart YES blood + lymph = hemolymph YES, has hemoglobin to carry oxygen All vertebrates (FARMB), annelids Arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids) NO YES

  8. GILL LUNG LUNG Vertebrate Circulation • FISH- one loop, always LO PRESS. • 2 chambered heart SKIN, MOUTH LINING • HUMAN- 2 separate loops for hiO2 and lo O2 blood, HI PRESS in systemic arteries. 4 chambered heart • FROG- 2 loops, mixture of hi O2 and Lo O2 blood in 3 chambered heart

  9. Diagram of the human heart Click here to see an animation of the heart and its action and systemic circulation. Click on “Follow the Flow”. Click HERE for blood circulation animation

  10. Systole and Diastole • SYSTOLE – contraction of ventricles as blood leaves the heart through arteries. Arterial blood pressure is the highest. • DIASTOLE – relaxation of ventricles in the heart; atria contract which allows heart to fill up with blood. Arterial blood pressure is lower.

  11. What you should always remember about human heart circulation • Most arteries carry O2 rich blood AWAY from the heart. • Most veins carry O2 poor blood TOWARDS the heart • Pulmonary artery carries O2poor blood from right side of heart to lungs • Pulmonary veins carry O2rich blood from lungs to left side of heart

  12. The Heart’s “Pacemaker” • The SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE • In the wall of the right atrium • Atrioventricular (AV) node (2) • Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His) (3) www.healthyheart.nhs.uk/heart_works/heart03.shtml

  13. Human Blood Review

  14. Functions of Blood Plasma • Transport of • Nutrients (amino acids, simple sugars, vitamins, salts, water) • Nitrogenous wastes (urea, uric acid) • Gases (O2, CO2 as bicarbonate ions) • Antibodies • Hormones • Thermoregulation - Heat control-maintains constant body temperature

  15. Vessel Epi-thelial cells Smooth muscle cells Elastic tissue valves What fluid is carried within? High or low pressure? Function Artery Capillary Vein Lymph vessel Comparing human blood/lymph vessels high Carry blood away from heart YES YES YES blood Exchange nutrients/ wastes/gases YES blood low Carry blood toward heart YES A little A little YES blood low Lymph /ICF Return lymph/ICF to blood YES YES low

  16. Review the following slides which refer to immunity and excretory wastes….

  17. STOP Immunity – Three Lines of Defense • First Line – keep pathogens out! • HOW? Skin, Mucus, Tears (+ Lysozyme), cilia, HCl in stomach to kill bacteria, “good” symbiotic bacteria • Second Line – oh no, something got in, start pitchin’ a general defense • HOW? Phagocytes, InTerferons, Complement, Histamines (red, hot, swollen) • Third Line – very specificimmune response to a particular antigen • HOW? Macrophages, Helper T cells, B-cells, antibodies, Killer T cells

  18. STOP Immunity – First Line Keep pathogens out • Skin • Mucus • Lysozyme (enzyme that breaks down bacterial walls) in tears & saliva • Cilia lining lungs sweep out invaders • HCl in stomach to kill bacteria, • “good” symbiotic bacteria outcompete “bad” pathogens

  19. Immunity’s Second Line–something got in so start PItCHIN’ a general defense! • Phagocytes – WBC that engulf pathogens by phagocytosis (neutrophils, macrophages) • InTerferons – chemicals secreted by virus-infected cells that stimulate neighboring cells to produce defensive proteins • Complement – group of proteins that attract phagocytes to foreign cells and cause cell lysis • Histamines are secreted by basophils and lead to the INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE (redness, heat, swelling) b/c of more blood in the damaged area • Natural Killer Cells – attack and lyse tumor and virus-infected body cells

  20. 3rd Line of Defense = Immune Response

  21. A B C Immunity –Third Line – very specificimmune response to a particular antigen • HOW? See the immune system in action! • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter22/animation__the_immune_response.html What do A, B, and C represent? A = pathogen with antigens on surface B = macrophage C = antigen presented on surface of macrophage

  22. Review of the Immune SystemMatch the cell type with the description B A E D, F B C

  23. Review of Metabolic WastesMatch the waste with the description C A D E A B C A C

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