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Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular Disease. Senior Health- Bauberger. The Leading Cause of Death in America. Heart disease and strokes are the most common cardiovascular diseases They are the 1 st and 3 rd leading causes of death for men and women in the United States

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Cardiovascular Disease

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  1. Cardiovascular Disease Senior Health- Bauberger

  2. The Leading Cause of Death in America • Heart disease and strokes are the most common cardiovascular diseases • They are the 1st and 3rd leading causes of death for men and women in the United States • Heart disease and strokes account for more than 35% of all deaths • More than 870,000 Americans die of heart disease and strokes every year, ~2,400 people a day

  3. Statistics • 1 in 3 Americans live with one or more types of CV disease • 73 million people currently live with high blood pressure • 5.8 million currently living have suffered a stroke • 5.3 million living have suffered heart failure • 8.1 million living have had a heart attack • The avg. age suffering from heart disease lowers each year…

  4. Why?

  5. Heart Disease Death Rates for Morris County Heart Disease Death Rates, Total Population, Ages 35+, 1996 – 2000 Race/Ethinicity  Rate*  Total Population 529  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ American Indian & Alaska Natives Insufficient data Asian and Pacific Islanders 182 African Americans 589 Hispanics 235 Caucasians 523

  6. Types of Cardiovascular Diseases • Hypertension • High Blood Cholesterol • Heart Murmur • Arrhythmia • Atherosclerosis • Heart Attack • Congestive Heart Failure • Stroke

  7. Hypertension • Blood pressure of 140/90 or higher • The “silent killer” • Leads to heart disease • Increases blood pressure puts strain on heart and vessels • 1 out of 3 American adults have hypertension • Can reduce risk by exercising regularly, maintaining healthy weight, reducing stress, and eating foods low in sodium

  8. High Blood Cholesterol • Cholesterol is transported in blood by lipoproteins: • Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) carry cholesterol to body tissues for use or storage. It is the “bad” cholesterol because it builds up plaque on artery walls. • High-density lipoproteins (HDL) pick up extra cholesterol from body tissues and carry it to the liver. It’s the “good” cholesterol because it cleans your arteries of excess cholesterol. • LDL level should be lower than 129 mg/dL • HDL level should be 40 mg/dL or higher

  9. Heart Murmur • Irregular heart beat • Not an actual disease but an indicator of disease • Can be innocent or abnormal • Abnormal can be due to congenital heart defect or heart valve problems • Innocent often disappear with age (most children are born with a heart murmur) • Those with innocent heart murmurs have healthy hearts

  10. Arrhythmia • Irregular heartbeats (twitching) • A form of heart disease • Heart may be beating too slowly or too quickly with an uneven rhythm • May result from damage of a heart attack or spontaneously • Fibrillation is a deadly arrhythmia in which the heart twitches rapidly (Defibrillation is the only way to control this type) • Some can be controlled by medications, others require implantation of an artificial pacemaker

  11. Atherosclerosis • Disease in which fatty substances build up inside artery walls (plaque), causing artery walls to narrow and thicken, making it very difficult for blood to flow and increases blood pressure • Arteriosclerosis: hardening of the arteries, develops when arteries lose their elasticity • Coronary Heart Disease: Occurs when atherosclerosis develops in the arteries that supply the heart, decreasing blood flow to the heart • Angina Pectoris: Chest pain that occurs when an area of the heart doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood

  12. Atherosclerosis

  13. Heart Attack • Occurs when tissue in the heart doesn’t receive its normal blood supply and dies • Cause is usually a blood clot formed in the coronary artery which has been narrowed by atherosclerosis • The more heart tissue that dies due to lack of oxygen, the more severe the attack • Four major risk factors: • High blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol, physical inactivity, and smoking

  14. Heart Attack

  15. Heart Attack • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8P3n6GKBSY

  16. Congestive Heart Failure • A condition in which the heart slowly weakens over time • Years of atherosclerosis and high blood pressure can lead to this condition • As the heart weakens, it’s less able to pump blood, only treated by meds that relax blood vessels and decrease strain on the heart • Swelling of the feet and lower legs can be symptoms

  17. Stroke • A sudden disruption of blood flow to part of the brain • Occurs when an artery that supplies blood to an area of the brain is blocked, either caused by atherosclerosis or a clot • Can also occur when a weakened artery in brain bursts and floods the area. If burst artery is located in the cerebrum of the brain, the stroke = cerebral hemorrhage • An aneurysm is a blood-filled spot that balloons out from the artery wall and bursts -> usually deadly. • Effects can depend on location and severity: • Brain damage affecting senses, speech, comprehension, etc • Paralysis on one side of the body • Death (over 1/3 result in death)

  18. Stroke Cerebral Hemorrhage Stroke

  19. Risk Factors / Prevention • Risks you cannot control: • Heredity (family history) • Ethnicity (African Americans have highest rates of heart disease) • Gender (Men are more likely to suffer heart attacks, women are more likely to suffer strokes) • Age (As age increases, so does risk of disease) • More young people than ever before are being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease

  20. Risk Factors / Prevention • Risks you can control: • Maintain a healthy weight • Eat a healthy diet • Stay physically active • Manage stress • Monitor blood pressure • Avoid smoking and drinking

  21. Treating Cardiovascular Disease • Cardiovascular diseases can’t be cured but can often be controlled Testing: • MRI, Electriocardiogram (ECG), Echocardiogram (EKG), Arteriography • Treatment: • Balloon Angioplasty, Coronary Bypass Surgery, Artificial Pacemaker, Heart Transplant

  22. References • http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/publications/AAG/dhdsp.htm • http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/giscvh2/ • http://www.healingwithnutrition.com/cdisease/cardiovascular/cardiovascular.html#A1 • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/heartmurmur/hmurmur_what.html

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