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Understanding Water Balance: Importance, Sources, and Health Risks

Learn about the significance of water balance, sources of metabolic water, and the impact of water loss on the body. Explore dehydration signs and symptoms, osmotic pressure, fluid requirements, and the role of minerals in maintaining water balance.

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Understanding Water Balance: Importance, Sources, and Health Risks

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  1. WATERPart B Man’s Food

  2. Water Sources: Metabolic Water Sugars + O2 CO2 + H2O Fats+ O2 CO2 + H2O Proteins + O2 CO2 + H2O + N2

  3. Emergency Rations Burn Produce Grams 100 GramsMetabolic Water CHO 60 Fat 107 Protein 40

  4. Water Losses • Kidney:Most important system • Skin: • Insensible: Lower skin layers • Sensible: Sweating • Lungs

  5. Water Losses • Eyes • Intestinal:Diarrhea

  6. Water Balance TOO LITTLE DEHYDRATION TOO MUCH EDEMA

  7. Edema: Fluid Excess >10%

  8. Dehydration: Fluid Loss LossEffect 1%-2% Thirst 3% Dry mouth 4% Flushed skin, impatience, apathy, nausea, emotional instability 8% Dizziness, labored breathing, indistinct speech, mental confusion 10% Heat stroke, spastic muscles 11% Circulatory insufficiency 15% DEATH

  9. Diarrheal Diseases:Life Threatening Cholera

  10. Diarrheal Diseases Cholera Incidence: 1997

  11. Help Prevent Dehydration • 10-15 Minutes Before Exercise:Up to 20 ounces of water • During Extended Exercise:4-6 ounces every 10-15 minutes

  12. Exercise:For every 1 lb lost after exercise, drink 2 cups of fluid Help Prevent Dehydration

  13. Osmotic Pressure (OP) • The force that keeps water in its compartments • OP = Solutes • Solution • Decrease in OP • Drinking

  14. Water Conservation • Osmo receptors in blood • Signal to brain (hypothalamus) • Signal to pituitary

  15. Water Elimination • Antidiuretic (ADH) hormone not released • Kidney filters out water • Bladder fills • #1

  16. Fluid Requirements • One liter per 1,000 calories eaten • See table page 17

  17. What About Minerals? • Antinaturetic System:Controls sodium balance • Three hormones: • Renin • Angiotensin • Aldosterone

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