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Wisconsin Computer Architecture

This overview explores the significant evolution of microprocessors from the 1971 Intel 4004 to the 2002 Pentium 4. With a focus on uniprocessor and multicore architectures, it highlights key innovations developed at the University of Wisconsin, such as branch prediction and speculative execution. The presentation examines ongoing challenges like dark silicon, energy efficiency, and future architectures that enhance programming ease on multicore systems. It also showcases the university's legacy and impact in the field of computer architecture, emphasizing notable projects and graduate achievements.

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Wisconsin Computer Architecture

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  1. Wisconsin Computer Architecture Mark Hill Mikko Lipasti Karu Sankaralingam Nam Sung Kim Guri Sohi David Wood

  2. Microprocessor Evolution 1971 (4004) 2002 (P4) Uniprocessor Several techniques invented @ UW Sohi, Smith, Goodman, Hill, Wood 34% annual growth no additional $ or Joules

  3. Microprocessor Evolution 1971 (4004) 2002 (P4) 2005 2020 Uniprocessor Multicore 34% annual growth no additional $ or Joules Ongoing transition

  4. Microprocessor Evolution 1971 (4004) 2002 (P4) 2005 2020 Uniprocessor Multicore ? 34% annual growth no additional $ or Joules

  5. Future • Moore’s law to continue • Doubling of devices • But…devices consume same power as previous generation

  6. Future But…2X Power…4X Power!

  7. Dark Silicon Cannot power on all devices

  8. Future Architectures • Easy ways to program multicore chips • Improving energy efficiency of processing • Improving communication and synchronization

  9. Why Computer Architecture at Wisconsin? 1 of 2 • Strong History • processors: branch prediction, decoupled architectures, precise interrupts, out-of-order processors, pipeline clocking, speculative execution, speculative multithreading • memory: snooping coherence, 3Cs model, memory consistency, non-blocking caches, token coherence • simulation: simplescalar, pharmsim, & GEMS • Strong Present • speculative multithreading, speculative coherence, chip multiprocessors, virtual machines, transactional memory • awards: Eckert-Mauchly, Wilkes, IEEE/ACM Fellows, National academy of engineering members • 20 grad students & several well-funded projects

  10. Why Computer Architecture at Wisconsin? 2 of 2 • Former Graduate Students Prospering • Over a dozen in academia: CMU, Duke, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, NCSU, U Penn, Purdue, Texas, Toronto • Nearly all winners of NSF CAREER awards, 4 winners of Sloan Research Fellowships, 4 winners of Maurice Wilkes award • Several in key industrial positions: AMD, Cray, IBM, Intel, Sun • Includes principal architects of important products (Intel KnightsFairy, Alpha 21264, Cray T3EX1/) • Strong Future • We average 15-20% ISCA papers since 2000, our grads average another 15-20% • We want to add you to this slide!

  11. Selected Projects 1 of 2 • Multifacet: Multicore design (Hill & Wood) • Recent: Log-based Transactional Memory • Future: Deterministic Execution & Replay • Vertical: Technology-driven architecture (Sankaralingam) • Idempotent Processing • DySER: Energy efficiency through extreme specialization • Multiscalar: Processor Design (Sohi) • Past: Speculative multithreading and variants • Recent/Current: Non-traditional multicore architectures and solving the multicore programming problem.

  12. Selected Projects 2 of 2 • Many-Core Power and Performance(Kim) • Power, performance optimization considering process variability • Reliable, low-power computing • Pharm: System and processor  design (Lipasti) • Optimized software & hardware for commercial servers • Novel and power-efficient cache coherence and interconnects • High ILP processors with low power and low complexity

  13. http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~arch/uwarch

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