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Chapter 12 RAD Guide

Chapter 12 RAD Guide. February 7, 2013. Name 2 systems & types of movement that occurs within each. Plate tectonics—movement of plates of Earth’s crust Ocean circulation—movement of water. What controls the systems on the Earth?. The sun.

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Chapter 12 RAD Guide

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  1. Chapter 12 RAD Guide February 7, 2013

  2. Name 2 systems & types of movement that occurs within each. • Plate tectonics—movement of plates of Earth’s crust • Ocean circulation—movement of water

  3. What controls the systems on the Earth? • The sun

  4. How are the systems of the Earth connected to the world’s ecosystems? • Characteristics of living things in each biome are determined by movement of material through a system • Example: water and temp

  5. How is the system of matter & the system of energy different? What does the energy from sun power on Earth? • System of matter is a closed system and system of energy is open • Sun powers the movement of ocean currents, clouds, growth of plants and animals

  6. How has the perception of the Earth changed over time? • Changed from “Mother Earth” to something to be conquered

  7. What is the Gaia hypothesis? • States that Earth functions like a single, living organism that regulates itself to maintain life • Changes in one thing causes changes in others • 1972/ J. Lovelock • Pronounced GY-uh

  8. What kinds of activities are humans engaging in that might have an effect on Earth? • Dumping waste • Cutting down forests • Replacing natural ecosystems with cities

  9. Humans first evolved from what early group? When did this group roam Earth? • Cro-Magnons • ~40,000 yrs ago • Cave paintings • Jewelry • Burials / ‘religion’ • Like ‘us’ / high IQ

  10. Briefly describe hunter-gatherer, agricultural, & industrial societies. • Hunter-gatherer: society in which people gather natural food, hunt, & are nomadic • Small impact on environment & can survive indefinitely if not disturbed • Low population density • Lives ‘with’ the land • Very few remain today

  11. Agricultural: society in which crops are grown & people have specialized roles • Can live indefinitely if within limits of environment • Caused people to stop roaming & divide work • Plow was most important tool • Started about 10,000 y.a. • Mid-east, SE Asia, & Africa • Domesticated plants AND animals • Created ‘roles’ in society

  12. Industrial: society in which production of food & other products is performed by machines, demanding large amounts of energy • Human population grew rapidly • Cities were established • People worked for wages

  13. How has the impact of humans on the environment increased over time? • Increases in production of goods, energy use, and human population all lead to negative impacts on the environment • Pollution and technology have also had a negative impact on environment

  14. Let’s Fill-in the Society Chart!

  15. Hunter-Gatherer • Lifestyle • Nomadic • Technology • Simple tools and weapons • Resource Use • Sustained by environment • Health • Healthy lives • Well fed • Low disease • High infant mortality • Env. Impact • Use of fire causes some env. change • Energy Use • Low • Fuel = wood • Example • African tribes • Aboriginal tribes • Native American tribes

  16. Agricultural • Lifestyle • Permanently settled • Technology • Plows • Agriculture • Cities allow advance of simple machine • Resource Use • Some overuse of soil & forest • Health • Healthy lives • Well fed • Disease high in city • Env. Impact • Cutting timber causes wide-spread env. change • Energy Use • Medium • Fuel = wood, wind, H2O, animal, coal • Example • Amish • Midwest/Great Plains of U.S.

  17. Industrial • Lifestyle • Often permanently settled • Technology • Mass production (high energy use) • Biotechnology • Computers • Resource Use • Overuse of resources • Not sustainable • Health • Medical advances increase life span • Pollution is a risk • Env. Impact • Large cities, pollution, & high energy use all cause major env. change • Energy Use • High • Fuel = fossil fuels, hydroelectricity, nuclear • Example • Majority of modern society (US, Europe)

  18. What is an ethic? • Set of standards or rules that serves as a guideline for determining right from wrong

  19. Describe the frontier ethic & sustainable development ethic. • Frontier Ethic: Formed on assumption that human society is separate from nature • Resources are unlimited • Humans are not subject to natural law • Success is measured in terms of control

  20. Sustainable Development Ethic: Meets current needs of society without limiting needs of future • Resources limited • Humans subject to natural law • Success is measured by being in harmony with nature

  21. Why are basic concepts of the frontier ethic no longer considered valid? • As human population has grown we have realized that resources, etc. are NOT unlimited

  22. How are the frontier ethic & sustainable development ethic different? • Frontier ethic is biased toward humans, whereas the sustainable development ethic is more holistic

  23. What are renewable & nonrenewable resources? Provide examples. • Renewable: can regenerate • ‘endless supply’ Examples: water, wind, solar, animals,plants

  24. Non-renewable : one time or single use/very long time to ‘replace’Examples: fossil fuels,nuclearfuels,minerals,ore[anything ‘mined or drilled’]

  25. HOW ARE WE DOING???

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