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Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems

This chapter explores the intricacies of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The cardiovascular system efficiently transports materials to and from cells and consists of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. Key components include red blood cells (RBCs) delivering oxygen, white blood cells (WBCs) fighting pathogens, platelets aiding in clotting, and plasma as the fluid medium. The respiratory system focuses on respiration, including breathing and cellular respiration, involving structures such as the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, essential for oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal.

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Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems

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  1. Cardiovascular& Respiratory Systems Chapter 4 Chapter 5.1

  2. Cardiovascular/Circulatory System Function – transports materials to and from your cell Components 1. Blood a. Four parts * Red Blood Cells (RBCs) -most abundant - deliver O2 and remove CO2 using hemoglobin * White Blood Cells (WBCs) - destroy pathogens * Platelets - pieces of larger cells - aid in forming blood clots * Plasma - fluid part of blood - mixture of water, minerals

  3. Blood Vessels 1. Arteries a. direct blood away from the heart b. Thick, elastic walls with a layer of smooth muscle 2. Capillaries a. smallest vessel in the body b. wall is only 1 cell thick c. blood cells pass through single file 3. Veins a. direct blood back to the heart b. thinner walls than arteries c. valves

  4. Respiratory System • Respiration– process by which a body obtains and uses O2 and gets rid of CO2and water. • 2 Parts: • 1. Breathing – inhaling/exhaling • 2. Cellular respiration – chemical reactions that release energy from food • Respiratory System – • Nose– primary passageway into & out of system • Pharynx– common area known as the throat. Both food and air pass through • Larynx– voice box containing vocal cords. Air flows between vocal cords causing vibration and sound • Trachea– passageway for air traveling from the larynx to the lungs • Bronchi– trachea splits into 2 tubes; one to each lung • Lungs– bronchiole branchesto form thousands of air sacs called alveoli. Capillaries surround the alveoli and gas exchange occurs here.

  5. How do you breathe??? • - your lungs do not contain muscle • - breathing is done with the muscle found in the ribs and diaphragm

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