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心肌肥厚的鉴别诊断 - 遗传与影像技术 惠汝太 北京阜外医院 huirutai@sglab 2009-9-20 西安

1/51. 心肌肥厚的鉴别诊断 - 遗传与影像技术 惠汝太 北京阜外医院 huirutai@sglab.org 2009-9-20 西安. 2/51. 没有利益冲突. 3/51. 95% HCM- 心肌排列紊乱. 4/51. HCM. 正常心肌. 5/51. 95% HCM- 心肌排列紊乱伴间质纤维化. 广泛的纤维化 :红箭头. 6/51. HCM 病理表现 - 与临床表型有关. 1, 心脏肥厚, 2 ,心肌排列紊乱, 3 ,纤维化, 4 ,小血管病变. 7/51. 8/51. 核磁对肥厚型心肌病的诊断价值突出. 9/51.

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心肌肥厚的鉴别诊断 - 遗传与影像技术 惠汝太 北京阜外医院 huirutai@sglab 2009-9-20 西安

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  1. 1/51 心肌肥厚的鉴别诊断-遗传与影像技术惠汝太 北京阜外医院 huirutai@sglab.org2009-9-20西安

  2. 2/51 没有利益冲突

  3. 3/51

  4. 95%HCM-心肌排列紊乱 4/51 HCM 正常心肌

  5. 5/51 95% HCM-心肌排列紊乱伴间质纤维化 广泛的纤维化:红箭头

  6. 6/51 HCM病理表现-与临床表型有关 1, 心脏肥厚, 2,心肌排列紊乱, 3,纤维化, 4,小血管病变

  7. 7/51

  8. 8/51

  9. 核磁对肥厚型心肌病的诊断价值突出 9/51 1,能评价心脏功能,大小,最大壁厚度,肥厚的分布,全 心重量指数(overall mass index). 2,评价左室流出道梗阻 3,核磁可以检查HCM患者是否存在心肌纤维化; 方法:钆-DTPA 反转恢复心肌延迟增强技术

  10. 10/51 室间隔肥厚,左室游离壁正常 IVS LV RV Free wall. Reproduced with permission of AHA; from Maron MS et al. (28).

  11. 11/51 仅仅局限于室间隔前基地部的肥厚 (arrows) Reproduced with permission of American Heart Association; from Maron MS et al. (28).

  12. 12/51 左室心尖部肥厚 (asterisk); * LV Reproduced with permission of American Heart Association; from Maron MS et al. (28).

  13. 13/51 • CMR 可以发现2D发现不了的肥厚型心肌病. • 有家族 HCM史的患者2D超声正常. • B.同一个患者, 核磁发现左室前侧壁节段性肥厚 (asterick) Reproduced with permission of American Heart Association; from Maron MS et al. (28).

  14. 14/51 • 心尖部心肌肥厚:2D易漏诊 • 超声不能确诊HCM, • B.同一个患者,CMR可以清楚证明心尖部肥厚,可确诊为心尖部 HCM.Reproduced with permission of American Heart Association; from Maron MS et al. (28).

  15. VS LV LA 心超与核磁的比较: A. 2D超声:舒张末期4腔心-心尖无室壁瘤征象。 B. 同一患者, CMR 发现心尖部有一个小的室壁瘤(薄边,(arrowheads), 延迟钆增强显像:透壁疤痕. Reproduced with permission of American Heart Association; from Maron MS et al. (28). 15/51

  16. HCM患者:肥厚区域与非肥厚区域相间排列 16/51 RV LV

  17. 17/51 HCM患者,左室重量正常,仅表现为乳头肌增大数目增多。 乳头肌 LV IVS 1/51 RV 乳头肌数目增多:4个(arrows)

  18. 18/51 Sharlene M. Day

  19. 19/51 Sharlene M. Day • Sharlene M. Day

  20. 20/51

  21. 21/51 • HCM 存在:小动脉周围轻度增厚与纤维化,导致心肌内小动脉壁/腔比率增加,心内膜下缺血,冠脉血流储备障碍。造成死亡的原因之一。

  22. 22/51 1,最常见的心脏肥厚原因:HCM,高血压, 淀粉样变,主 动脉狭窄,运动员心脏. 2,心肌细胞排列紊乱:不是HCM 特征性的表现, 可见于: 主动脉狭窄, 先天性心脏病 高血压性心脏病 肥厚型心肌病 Noonan综合征, 克山病, • 交感刺激,Myocyte disarray develops in papillary muscles released from normal tension after mitral valve replacement(Circulation. 1982 Oct;66(4):841-6.)。

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  27. 27/51

  28. 28/51

  29. 29/51 随访6年 *The major intervention included surgical septal myectomy, Alcohol septal ablation and DDD pacemaker

  30. 30/51 无症状的MYH7 & MYBPC3 突变携带者6年发展为HCM的比率

  31. 31/51 MYH7-头部与杆部突变比较

  32. 32/51 MYH7头、杆部突变 及 MYBPC3 突变患者的Kaplane-Meier 生存曲线

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  35. 35/51

  36. 挑战 36/51 • 左室肥厚是HCM的特征性表现,但是,携带基因突变的患者,在出生时很少有左室肥厚,HCM患者的心肌肥厚通常从青春期后慢慢发展起来的, 也有60-70岁才开始出现; • 左心室肥厚的分布:多是局部性、不对称性, 即使同一家族,变异特别大;左室重量不一定超过正常(21%的HCM患者心脏重量正常); • 为何室间隔肥厚、心尖部肥厚较多见,为何出现上述多样性?-modifier?

  37. 37/51 • HCM主要遗传突变基因是编码肌小节蛋白的基因,仅在心肌细胞表达;但是,HCM 临床表型不仅如此: 心肌排列紊乱, 间质纤维化, 二尖瓣异常,微血管重塑;提示其他细胞系同样参与。 • 肌小节基因突变与HCM广泛的表型之间的联系仍然不清楚。

  38. 38/51 • HCM各种表现可能与共同始祖细胞-心外膜源多能干细胞(pluripotent epicardium-derived cells ,EPDCs)有关。 • 在心脏 发育时期, EPDCs 分化成为间质成纤维细胞, 冠脉平滑肌细胞, 房室心内膜垫,如间充质干细胞. • We propose that the cross-talk between healthy EPDCs and abnormally contracting cardiomyocytes might account for the diverse manifestations of HCM, by a putative mechanism of mechanotransduction leading to abnormal gene expression and differentiation.

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  40. Modifier Gene for HCM, not for hypertension hypertrophy 40/51

  41. Subjects with high Blood pressure 41/51 2004,11-2005,8, 7 communities,60 villages, 15835 Han nationality, Final: 13444(Male 5270,Female 8174) Hypertension prevalence 40.3%, 5421with Hypertension enrolled, Echocardiography was performed in 4869(89.8%);

  42. Characteristic 42/51 *p<0.05

  43. Prevalence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy 43/51

  44. Modifiers for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy 44/51

  45. Additive Effects of hypertrophic Risk Factors 45/51

  46. 46/51 • We tested whether PGC-1alpha is a modifier for cardiac hypertrophy including HCM in patients with hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy and in those with HCM. PGC1- Variants: Gly482Ser & Thr394Thr LD: D′= 0.26 and r2=0.08,

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  50. 50/51 结论 PGC1-a多态与高血压(不论有无心脏肥厚)无关,是HCM的修饰基因(增加肥厚);高血压肥厚与HCM的修饰基因不同。

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