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Explore gender dynamics and wage gaps in business organizations, examining barriers like glass ceilings and the Mommy Track. Learn about formal and informal structures encoding gender bias and strategies like quotas to redress inequity.
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Organizational Communication:Gender at Work • Business organization speech communities are masculine speech communities.
The Wage Gap and Pay Equity • Women make an average of 74¢ for every dollar men earn • The structure of pay inequity: • Banking Tellers • Hospitals * wage disparity is greater than can be explained by differences in education, experience, and time in the workforce.
Glass Ceilings vs. Glass Walls • glass ceiling: an invisible barrier to advancement beyond a certain level • glass walls: segregation into job areas that allow little chance of advancement—no career ladder
The Mommy Track • Proposed by Felicia Schwartz in the Harvard Business Review • women in management positions cost more than men • greater costs are due to women’s values and expectations—ones inconsistent with those of organization • two types of women • career primary • career and family primary
The Mommy Track • identify a female employee early • two tracks: • different opportunities • different challenges • different levels of training • different expectations for advancement
Formal and Informal Structures Encode Gender Inequity • Which are pay scales? Separate tracks? Glass ceilings? • Other formal structures: • leave policies • work schedules • Other informal structures • work environment • old boy networks • mentor relationships
Redressing Gender Inequity • Affirmative Action (present and past, groups, qualified individuals) • Goals (flexible, difficult to enforce) • Quotas (specific, rigid, easy to enforce) • Equal Opportunity Laws
Equal Opportunity Laws • Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (1964) • Title IX (1972) • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) • Limitations • Types of relief