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RNA & Protein Synthesis

RNA & Protein Synthesis. Protein. A polypeptide (many many pieces) “polypeptide”  a chain of many amino acids linked together Created by DNA and RNA Created on the ribosome in the cell Each protein has its own amino acid. Amino Acids. What proteins are made of . RNA.

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RNA & Protein Synthesis

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  1. RNA & Protein Synthesis

  2. Protein • A polypeptide (many many pieces) • “polypeptide”  a chain of many amino acids linked together • Created by DNA and RNA • Created on the ribosome in the cell • Each protein has its own amino acid

  3. Amino Acids • What proteins are made of

  4. RNA • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) differs from DNA in the following ways: • RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine. • RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose. • RNA is single-stranded. • RNA carries the genetic information found in DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomesin the cytoplasm. • RNA comes in three forms (messenger, transfer, ribosomal), all of which are involved in translating the genetic information into the amino acid sequence of proteins.

  5. Uracil (U) • Instead of Thymine (T), RNA contains uracil. • It pairs with Adenine as well

  6. Helper • You are single • “You” stands for “u” • RNA has uracil • “Are” stands for R • RNA has ribose sugar • “single” refers to RNA being SINGLE stranded

  7. RNA vs. DNA

  8. mRNAmessenger RNA • Brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm and onto a ribosome.

  9. rRNAribosomal RNA • Ribosome binds to the mRNA • mRNA gives rRNA instructions • rRNA assembles the amino acids in the correct order

  10. tRNAtransfer RNA • Delivers amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein

  11. Transcription • Results in one single stranded RNA. • See figure 11.7 (provided) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsofH466lqk • You could say that a protein is made up of an alphabet of amino acids

  12. Amino Acid • 20 different kinds of amino acids • mRNA only contains 4 types of bases • How can four bases form a code for all possible proteins?

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