Section 102. UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS (USMC) MISSION AND ORGANIZATION FUNDAMENTALS

1. Section 102. UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS (USMC) MISSION AND ORGANIZATION FUNDAMENTALS

2. Learning Objectives • 102.1 – State the Mission and Function of the Marine Corps • 102.2 – State the mission and function of Headquarters Marine Corps, Marine Forces, Marine Corps Combat Development Command, MARCORSYSCOM • 102.3 – Discuss the Marine Air/Ground Task Force (MAGTF) organization and its four functional parts. • 102.4 – Discuss the concept of task organization as it relates to the MAGTF organization and its four functional components.

3. Learning Objectives • 102.5 – Identify the elements that comprise each of the MAGTFs; MEF, MEB, MEU, and SPMAGTF. • 102.6 – State the mission of your unit and its relationship to the MAGTF. • 102.7 – Describe the mission and purpose of the Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF). • 102.8 – Discuss the proper sequence for conducting a military formation.

4. Mission and Function of the Marine Corps(102.1) • The official mission of the Marine Corps is established in the National Security act of 1947, later amended in 1952. “Marines are trained, organized, and equipped for offensive amphibious employment and as a “force of readiness””

5. According to the Act, Marines must stand prepared to meet the following mission requirements. • 1. Provide Fleet Marine Forces with combined arms and supporting air components for service with the United States fleet in the seizure or defense of advanced naval bases and for the conduct of such land operations as may be essential to the execution of a naval campaign. • 2. Provide detachments and organizations for service on armed vessels of the Navy and securitydetachments for the protection of naval property at naval stations and bases. • 3. Develop, in coordination with the Army, Navy, and Air Force, the doctrine, tactics, techniques, and equipment employed by landing forces in amphibious operations.

6. 4. Provide Marine forces for airborne operations, in coordination with the Army, Navy, and Air Force, according to the doctrine established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. • 5. Develop, in coordination with the Army, Navy, and Air Force, the doctrine, tactics, techniques, and equipment for airborne operations.  • 6. Expand peacetime components to meet wartime needs according to the joint mobilization plans. • 7.  Perform such other duties as the President may direct.

7. Mission and Function of the following Marine Forces(102.2) • a. Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC) • Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, consists of the Commandant of the Marine Corps and those staff agencies that advise and assist the Commandant in discharging those responsibilities prescribed by law and higher authority as describe below in US CODE TITLE 10. • Per TITLE 10 - ARMED FORCES, Subtitle C - Navy and Marine Corps PART I – ORGANIZATION, CHAPTER 506 - HEADQUARTERS, MARINE CORPS, HEAD Sec. 5041. Headquarters, Marine Corps: function; composition

8. a. Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC) (Con’t) • There is in the executive part of the Department of the Navy a Headquarters, Marine Corps. The function of the Headquarters, Marine Corps, is to assist the Secretary of the Navy in carrying out his responsibilities. • The Headquarters, Marine Corps, is composed of the following: • The Commandant of the Marine Corps. • The Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps. • The Deputy Commandants. • Other members of the Navy and Marine Corps assigned or detailed to the Headquarters, Marine Corps. • Civilian employees in the Department of the Navy assigned or detailed to the Headquarters, Marine Corps.

9. a. Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC) (Con’t) Excerpt-TITLE 10 - ARMED FORCES Subtitle C - Navy and Marine Corps PART I – ORGANIZATION CHAPTER 506 - HEADQUARTERS, MARINE CORPS HEAD-Sec. 5042. Headquarters, Marine Corps: general duties Under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Navy, the Headquarters, Marine Corps, shall – subject to subsections (c) and (d) of section 5014 of this title, prepare for such employment of the Marine Corps, and for such recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping (including research and development), training, servicing, mobilizing, demobilizing, administering, and maintaining of the Marine Corps, as will assist in the execution of any power, duty, or function of the Secretary or the Commandant; Investigate and report upon the efficiency of the Marine Corps and its preparation to support military operations by combatant commanders; Prepare detailed instructions for the execution of approved plans and supervise the execution of those plans and instructions; As directed by the Secretary or the Commandant, coordinate the action of organizations of the Marine Corps; and perform such other duties, not otherwise assigned by law, as may be prescribed by the Secretary.

10. a. Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC) (Con’t)

11. b. Marine Forces (MARFOR)Background. • The Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 added a new level of commander-in-chief (CINC) to the U.S. military's chain of command. • Regional CINCs were created in order to have a local supreme commander who could exercise unified command and control across service boundaries, ideally eliminating or diminishing interservice rivalries. • CINCs reported directly to the United States Secretary of Defense, and through him to the President of the United States. The best-known CINC was probably Norman Schwarzkopf, CINC of U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) during Operation Desert Storm. • On October 24, 2002, Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced that the title of "Commander-in-Chief" would thereafter be reserved for the President, consistent with the terms of Article II of the United States Constitution. Armed forces CINCs in specified regions would thereafter be known as "combatant commanders," heading the Unified Combatant Commands.

12. b. Marine Forces (MARFOR) (CON’T) Background. • A Unified Combatant Command is a United States military group composed of forces from two or more services, has a broad and continuing mission, and is organized either on a geographical basis (known as "Area Of Responsibility", AOR) or on a functional basis. • As of May 2006, there are ten Unified Combatant Commands. Five have regional responsibilities, and five have functional responsibilities. • The chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense to the combatant commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff may transmit communications to the Commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands from the President and Secretary of Defense, but does not exercise military command over any combatant forces.

13. b. Marine Forces (MARFOR) (CON’T) Background. • List of Unified Combatant Commands • Regional Responsibilities: • United States Central Command - USCENTCOM • United States European Command - USEUCOM • United States Pacific Command - USPACOM • United States Northern Command - USNORTHCOM • United States Southern Command - USSOUTHCOM • Functional Responsibilities: • United States Joint Forces Command - USJFCOM • United States Special Operations Command - USSOCOM • United States Strategic Command - USSTRATCOM • United States Transportation Command - USTRANSCOM • Reserve Affairs Worldwide Support - Reserve and National Guard

14. b. Marine Forces (MARFOR) (CON’T)

15. b. Marine Forces (MARFOR) (CON’T) The “Forces for Unified Commands” memorandum assigns Marine Corps operating forces to each of the combatant commands. A force assigned or attached to a combatant command may be transferred from that command only as directed by the Secretary of Defense and under procedures prescribed by the Secretary of Defense and approved by the President. The Marine Corps has established multiple Marine Corps component headquarters to support the unified commands.

16. b. Marine Forces (MARFOR) (CON’T) The Commanders of MARFORCOM, MARFORPAC, MARFOREUR, and MARCENT serve as Marine Corps Component Commanders to their respective combatant Commanders and provide forces for service with Commander, US Joint Force Command, Commander US Pacific Command, Commander US European Command, and US Central Command respectively. The Marine Corps component commander deals directly with the joint force commander (JFC) in matters affecting assigned MARFOR. He commands, trains, equips, and sustains MARFOR.

17. c. Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) • Mission • Develop warfighting concepts • Determine associated integrated Marine Corps warfighting capabilities to enable the Marine Corps to field combat-ready forces including: • Doctrine • Organization • Training and education, • Materiel • Leadership • Personnel • Facilities . (DOTMLPF)

18. Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM) MARCORSYSCOM Mission: To serve as the Commandant's principal agent for acquisition and sustainment of systems and equipment used by the Operating Forces to accomplish their warfighting mission. Command Overview Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM) is the Commandant of the Marine Corps’s principal agent for acquisition and sustainment of systems and equipment used by the operating forces to accomplish their warfighting mission. The command outfits United States Marines with literally everything they drive, shoot and wear. Their focus is the young Marine in harms way, protecting him or her, and providing this warfighter the wherewithal to execute the mission. MARCORSYSCOM’s team of professional civilian Marines and active duty Marines equips the warfighter to win. They listen, learn, research, develop, test, procure and sustain – whatever it takes to get Marines what they need, when they need it – efficiently and for the best value possible.

19. Marine Air/Ground Task ForceMAGTF(102.3/102.4) • Self-contained • Scaleable • A Joint Task Force Enabler • Expandable or retractable • Unique operation

20. MAGTF CORE COMPETENCIES • Expeditionary readiness • Combined arms operations • Expeditionary operations • Sea - based operations • Forcible entry - from the sea • Reserve integration

21. 4 4 COMPONENTS OF A MAGTF CE GCE ACE CSSE

22. 1 COMMAND ELEMENT (CE)

23. GROUND COMBAT ELEMENT (GCE) 2

24. 3 AIR COMBAT ELEMENT (ACE)

25. COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT ELEMENT (CSSE) 4

26. MAGTFSIZE / STRUCTURE • MEF • MEB • Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) • Special Purpose MAGTF

27. MARINE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE (MEF) • The largest form of a MAGTF. • Permanent in structure. • The controlling command agency for MAGTF's of any size • The MEF is the principal Marine Corps warfighting organization. • Self Sustaining for up to 60 Days.

28. MEF SIZE AND STRUCTURE Approximately 46,100 Marines and Sailors 3900 PERS CE - HQ Bn - Comm Bn - Rd Bn - SRIG 14,800 PERS 17,900 PERS 9,500 PERS MARINE AIR WING FSSG MARINE DIV - 12 KC-130s - 48 F/A-18C/Ds - 36 F/A-18D’s - 60 AV-8B’s - 10 EA-6B’s - 72 CH-46E’s - 24 CH-53E’s - 36 AH-1W’s - 18 UH-1N’s - AIR DEF - HQ Bn - Med Bn - Maint Bn - Dental Bn - MT Bn - Supp Bn - LSB Bn - ES Bn - 1 HQ Bn - 3 Inf Regts - 1 Arty Regt - 1 Tnk Bn - 1 AAV Bn - 1 LAV Bn - 1 CEB Bn - 1 Recon Bn

29. MARINE EXPEDITIONARY BRIGADE (MEB) The MEB consists of Command Element sourced from the parent MEF staff with the Deputy MEF Commander as the MEB Commander. Ground Combat Element built on an infantry regiment Aviation Combat Elementconsisting of a composite Marine Air Group capable of conducting all (6) functions of Marine aviation. Brigade Service Support Group (BSSG) for the Combat Service Support Element or CSSE, which can logistically support a community of 30,000 Marines and Sailors

30. Marine Expeditionary Unit (SOC) The most commonly known form of MAGTF. • Self sustained (15 Days) • Highly trained • Deployed on an ARG • Strategically positioned

31. MEU(SOC) SIZE / STRUCTURE Approximately2500 Personnel • CE ( Col ) • Force Recon • Rad Bn Det 250 Pers • MSSG (LtCol) • HQ Plt • ESB Plt • Maint Plt • MT Plt • LSB Plt • Supp Plt • Med Plt • Comm Plt • BLT (LtCol) • Inf Bn • Tank Plt • AAV Plt • LAV Plt • CEB Plt • Recon Plt • NGFL • ACE (LtCol) • Med Trans SQD • Hvy Trans Aug • Attk Helo’s • V/STOL Det • DASC • LAAD 700 Pers 300 Pers 1250 Pers

32. MEU Distribution MEUHOME BASEAOR 11, 13, 15 I MEF Pacific/Indian (Camp Pend) Ocean 22, 24, 26 II MEF (CLNC) Mediterranean 31 III MEF Persian Gulf (Okinawa)

33. Strategic Positioning 22, 24, 26thMEU’s 13,15,17thMEU 13, 15, 17thMEU 31st MEU

34. MEU (SOC) CAPABLILITIES • OOTW • Amphibious Operations • Supporting Operations • Direct Action

35. Special Purpose MAGTF • Varying sizes • Air Contingency Force/Split ARG • Can be task organized from existing MAGTFs to perform independent missions

36. State the mission of your unit and its relationship to the MAGTF(102.6) • Dependent upon what command you are assigned to. • For example: • X Bn, X Mar provides a landing force in order to conduct actions on the objective. • X Recon Co, X Bn provides Marines in order to conduct reconnaissance and surveillance.

37. Mission and Purpose of the Maritime Prepositioning Force(102.7) • Provides a combatant commander with deployment flexibility and an increased capability to respond rapidly to a crisis or contingency with a credible force. • 16 MPS ships are assigned to three Maritime PropositioningShip squadrons (MPSRON) located in the Mediterranean, the Indian Ocean at Diego Garcia and the Western Pacific at Guamand Saipan.

38. Mission and Purpose of the Maritime Prepositioning Force(102.7) • The MPS ships in each squadron have sufficient equipment, supplies and ammunition to support a U.S. Marine Expeditionary Brigade of about 15,000 personnel for 30 days. The MPS ships are self-sustaining, having cranes which enable them to unload their own cargo at sea or pierside or offshore with special lighterage equipment. Each ship has roll-on/roll-off capability and a flight deck for helicopter operations. • An MPF operation may consist of: • One ship can support a forward-deployed MEU • One Squadron (MPSRON) a MEB • All three MPSRON’S for a MEF

39. Mission and Purpose of the Maritime Prepositioning Force(102.7) • MPF Operations consist of five phases • Planning • Marshalling • Movement • Arrival & Assembly • Reconstitution

40. Mission and Purpose of the Maritime Prepositioning Force(102.7) 102.7 (MPF). Con’t • Planning • The planning phase begins upon receipt of the alert/warning order and is characterized by two planning methodologies: deliberate planning and crisis action planning (CAP). Deliberate planning is ongoing, preparing for future, hypothetical military operations. CAP is conducted to respond to present situations that might require a US military response.

41. Marshalling • Units organize and complete final pre-parations to deploy, including preparing personnel and equipment, moving to an aerial port of embarkation (APOE), staging, and loading aboard aircraft. The marshalling phase begins on arrival of the first unit at a designated marshalling point and ends on departure of the last unit from a departure airfield. • Deployment encompasses all activities from origin or home station through destination, specifically including intra-CONUS, intertheater, and intratheater movement legs, staging, and holding area. (JP 1-02) The key point is that MPF deployment involves movement from home station all the way to the TAA. Deploying echelons, organized by plane or ship teams,assemble at their home station, prepare for deployment, and move in accordance with the established plan or when called to stage at APOEs or SPOEs.

42. Movement • The movement phase entailsmoving forces by air and sea to the AAA. It begins on lift-off of the first aircraft from the departure airfield or when the first MPF ship transits to the AAA. This phase ends when the last FIE aircraft arrives in the AAA and the last ship arrives at the offload point. • The MPF is divided into two movement groups based on deployment mode: sea or air. The sea movement group is divided into movement elements that deploy from the same SPOE at approximately the same time. The air movement group (collectively called FIE) is divided into elements that deploy from different APOEs at different times (see fig. 6-1 on p. 6-2).

43. Arrival & Assembly • The arrival and assembly phase beginson arrival of the first MPF ship or first aircraft of the main body at the designated AAA. This phase ends when adequate MPE/S are offloaded and issued to awaiting units, C2 is established, and the MAGTF commander reports that all essential MAGTF elements of the MPF are combat-ready. The arrival and assembly phase includes the following: • Prepare the AAA. • Receive MAGTF, US Navy (USN), and US Coast Guard (USCG) personnel and equipment at nearby airfields. • Coordinate arrival and offload of equipment and supplies from MPSs. • Issue MPE/S to arriving units. • Provide local force protection for arrival and assembly. • Establish the MAGTF’s combat capability (force standup). • Prepare the MAGTF mission; e.g., moving the MAGTF to the tactical assembly area (TAA) or the line of departure (LD).

44. Reconstitution • This fifth phase of MPF operations is referred to as reconstitution. It involves regenerating and replenishing the MPE/S to attain the PO and reestablish the warfighting capability aboard the MPS as rapidly as possible upon completion of MAGTF employment operations. MPS reconstitution may include replenishing equipment and supplies from the CONUS. • Detailed planning for reconstituting the MPF is the responsibility of the designated MARFOR commander supported by augmentation from the supporting establishment. Specific intheater reconstitution objectives and operational and logistical factors will ultimately influence the supported combatant commander’s guidance to the MARFOR.

45. Conduct of a Military Formation(102.8)

46. Questions