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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Early China, ca. 2000–221 b.c.e. Geographically diverse Millet in the North, Rice in the South Agriculture needed a great deal of human labor. Shang Period, ca. 1750–1027 b.c.e. Pigs, chickens, and millet were domesticated, silk textiles developed, and bronze metallurgy

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2

  2. Early China, ca. 2000–221 b.c.e. • Geographically diverse • Millet in the North, Rice in the South • Agriculture needed a great deal of human labor

  3. Shang Period, ca. 1750–1027 b.c.e. • Pigs, chickens, and millet were domesticated, silk textiles developed, and bronze metallurgy • Kings ruled near Yellow river and indirectly controlled farther lands • Kings played an important religious role • Worshiped the spirits of male ancestors, practiced divination and sacrifice • Later technology included horse-drawn chariot, draft animals, and extensive civil engineering projects and the Chinese system of writing

  4. The Zhou period, 1027–221 b.c.e • The “Mandate of Heaven” • 2 periods • 1.Western Zhou + 2.the Eastern Zhou periods (Warring States Period • Seperation of political and priestly power occurred • Kingship was defined in moral terms • The Eastern Zhou period • political leaders lost power- Feudalism • Warring States Period (480–221 b.c.e.). • Technology include horse riding, steel and Iron • Women were subordinated and land owners gained social status • Elders were respected • Yin and Yan

  5. 3 Philosophies developed • Legalism • People are bad and they need strick rules and harsh punishment to be kept in check • Daoism • Human are good but society is evil. Less rules and organization the better. Go with the flow and follow nature • Confucianism • People are capable of good or evil and need to be educated. Society has layers (heiarchy) and those below should obey will those above should rule fairly and justly

  6. The Americas • The Mesoamerican Olmecs, 1200-400 b.c.e. • preclassic civilization • Major centers near the coast of Mexico • Large earthen mounds and Large Head Shaped Carving • Limited technology • Probably played a role in later advancements in writing and astronomy • South American Civilization: Chavín, 900—250 b.c.e. • Military strength and religious system were used to control its territory • Needed a great deal of labor to build cities and agriculture in the high altitude of the Andes mountains • Clan based system of labor Ayllu

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