1. Semester Review • Unit 1- Metric, characteristics of life, scientific method • Unit 2- Chemistry • Unit 3- Organic Chemistry • Microscopes • Unit 4- Cells • Unit 5- Cell Transport • Unit 6- Photosynthesis • Unit 7- Cellular Respiration • Unit 49- Digestion

2. Which measurement is the largest? • A. 0.54m • B. 54mm • C. 0.000054km • D. 5.4cm

3. What characteristic of life is the picture below? • Transfer of Energy • Response to stimulus • Cell • Reproduction

4. The SI unit for measuring volume is a • meter • gram • Liter • second

5. To be conducted properly, a scientific experiment should not have • more than one variable • accurate data • close observation • more than one control

6. One carbon atom contains 12 neutrons and another carbon atom contains 14 neutrons. The two atoms are • isotopes • isomers • compounds • ions

7. In a Ionic bond, electrons are • Transferred • Gained • Shared • Lost • Options A,B, and C • Options A, B, and D

8. If an atom has an atomic number of 13 and atomic mass of 27.0, how many neutrons does this atom have? • 13 • 27 • 14 • 50 • can’t be determined

9. How many molecules does 10 H2SO4 have? • 1 • 2 • 4 • 10 • 70

10. The chemical reaction that occurs as wood or coal is burned is • Exergonic • Endergonic • Dissociation • Covalent

11. Which of the following statements about enzyme’s is true? • require high amounts of heat for their operation • cannot be reused • are complex carbohydrate molecules • lower the activation energy necessary for cellular reactions to occur

12. Which organic molecule creates oils, waxes, butter, and lard? • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids • All of the above

13. Which organic molecule(s) contains carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen? • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids • All of the above

14. Which organic molecule is made up of nucleotides? • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids • All of the above

15. When forming a disaccharide, you must • combine two monosaccharides by adding water • combine two monosaccharides by removing water • combine two amino acids by adding water • combine a glycerol molecule with three fatty acid molecules

16. Which condition would cause an enzyme to denature? • Buffer • Neutral environment • ATP • Homeostasis • High temperatures

17. Which organic compound shows fingernails turning violet in biuret solutions? • Monosaccharide • Disaccharide • Polysaccharide • Protein • Lipid • Nucleic Acid

18. What is the total magnification of low power on a microscope if the eyepiece is 15X, low power is 5X and high power is 10X? • 5X • 10X • 50X • 75X • 150X

19. What part of the microscope is the arrow pointing at? • Stage • Fine adjustment • Arm • Coarse adjustment

20. Eukaryote cells have • Nucleus • Cell Membrane • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Ribosomes • All of the above

21. The centers of respiration in the cell are • Chromosomes • Lysosomes • Ribosomes • Plastids • Mitochondria

22. Diffusion is due to • addition of energy to a system • random molecular motion (Brownian movement) • changing environments in a cell • equilibrium concentrations inside cells

23. If a fresh water plant like Elodea were placed in a highly concentrated salt solution, the cells would • take in more water • show no change • increase turgor pressure • undergo cytolysis • lose turgor pressure

24. Facilitated diffusion occurs when carrier molecules are used to move substances • across a cell membrane with a concentration gradient • through water • across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient • through cell walls

25. Energy that is stored in ATP becomes available when A. Phosphate #3 is added to the molecule • Phosphate #2 and #3 are both added to the molecule • Phosphate #3 is released with the help of an enzyme • Phosphate #2 is released with the help of an enzyme

26. What products from the light reaction are needed in the dark reactions? A. ADP and NADP B. Glucose and Oxygen C. Carbon Dioxide and ATP D. ATP and NADPH2

27. What type of reaction would Photosynthesis be classified as? A. oxidation B. endergonic C. autotrophic D. exergonic

28. What are 2 reactants of photosynthesis? • A. Glucose and water • B. Glucose and carbon dioxide • C. Water and carbon dioxide • D. Water and oxygen

29. The energy for dark reactions comes directly from where? A. Photons B. Products from the light reactions C. Electrons energized from sunlight

30. What is the energy currency for cells? A. Glucose B. ADP C. ATP

31. Water is split during what reaction(s)? A. Light Reactions B. Dark Reactions C. Both D. Neither

32. NADP+ accepts hydrogen during what reaction(s)? A. Light Reactions B. Dark Reactions C. Both D. Neither

33. The leaves of a plant appear green because… A. They absorb green wavelengths of light and reflect others B. They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb others

34. Cell power comes from • a change of ADP to ATP • Enzymes • formation of RuB • breaking of the chemical bond of ATP and forming ADP • breaking the ADP high energy bond

35. Chemical reaction in which energy is released in support of cell life is • Photosynthesis • Chemosynthesis • Oxidation • Cell respiration

36. The compounds CO2 and H2O • The reactants in cellular respiration • The reactants in photosynthesis • Products in photosynthesis • Products in fermentation

37. This accumulates in the muscles and causes fatigue, when oxygen is depleted • CO2 • Lactic acid • Pyruvic acid • Glucose

38. What is the first step in cellular respiration? • Kreb cycle • Fermentation • Electron transport chain • Glycolysis

39. In aerobic respiration, what is the final electron acceptor • CO2 • NAD+ • oxygen • FAD+

40. What step of aerobic respiration begins when acetyl CoA and oxaloacetic acid combine? • Fermentation • Glycolysis • Citric acid cycle • Electron transport chain

41. In aerobic respiration, what is the NET amount of ATP produced • 34 • 36 • 38 • 40

42. In aerobic respiration, what is the total number of hydrogen's removed? • 8 • 16 • 24 • 36

43. In cellular respiration, what is the amount of activation energy needed? • 1 ATP • 2ATP • 3 ATP • 4 ATP

44. What is the net amount of ATP produced in anaerobic respiration? • 40 ATP • 38 ATP • 36 ATP • 2 ATP

45. In aerobic respiration, 4 ATP are produced in this stage • Glycolysis • Forming acetyl CoA • Kreb’s cycle • Electron Transport Chain

46. Which of the following is an important molecule created by both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation? • ATP • NADH2 • CO2 • NAD+

47. In the second step of aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is converted into CO2, NADH2, and … • Citric acid • Oxaloacetic acid • Acetyl CoA • Lactic acid

48. If oxygen is not present, what is the final H accepter? • NADH2 • Water • pyruvic acid • ATP

49. Where does the absorption of water take place in digestion? • Stomach • Small intestine • Pancreas • Large intestine

50. What is the purpose of HCl acid in the stomach? • causes the pH level to be more basic • emulsifies fats • enzymatically digests carbohydrates • causes the pH level to be more acidic