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Deviance and Social Control

Deviance and Social Control. Chapter 7, Section 1. Definitions. Deviance Breaking social norms Negative Deviance Underconforms to social norms Positive Deviance Overconforms to social norms. Examples. Negative Deviance Obesity Positive Deviance Anorexia. Norm = Thinness .

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Deviance and Social Control

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  1. Deviance and Social Control Chapter 7, Section 1

  2. Definitions • Deviance • Breaking social norms • Negative Deviance • Underconforms to social norms • Positive Deviance • Overconforms to social norms

  3. Examples • Negative Deviance • Obesity • Positive Deviance • Anorexia Norm = Thinness

  4. Preventing Deviance • Social Control • Ways society promotes conformity • Internal Social Control • Internalization • Most don’t steal, they KNOW it’s wrong • Most effective

  5. Preventing Deviance • External Social Control • Social sanctions • Rewards & Punishments • Formal Sanction • Official • Grades, imprisonment • Informal Sanction • Unofficial • Smile, gossip, ridicule

  6. Functionalism and Deviance Chapter 7, Section 2

  7. Strain Theory • Anomie: • Weak or conflicting norms • Strain Theory: • Gap between culturally desirable goals and a legitimate way of attaining them • Goal = Success/Money/Materials Goods • Legitimate: Education, College, Hard work • Deviance: Steal, Drugs, Embezzle

  8. Dealing with Strain • Innovation • Ritualism • Retreatism • Rebellion Types of deviance

  9. Innovation • Accepts society’s goals • Uses illegal means to achieve them • Stealing, dealing drugs, embezzlement

  10. Ritualism • Rejects society’s goals • Uses legitimate means • “Going through the motions” • Doesn’t believe in the goals of society

  11. Retreatism • Rejects society’s goals • Rejects ways of achieving them • Drops out of society • Drug addicts, homeless

  12. Rebellion • Rejects goals of society • Rejects ways of achieving them • Creates a new goal and new way to achieve it • Neo-Nazi group

  13. Symbolic Interactionism and Deviance Chapter 7, Section 3

  14. Differential Association Theory • Review • Symbolic Interactionism • we learn behavior through our interactions • Differential Association Theory • Ratio of deviant to dondeviant people • Deviance by significant others • Age of exposure

  15. Two Types of Deviance • Primary Deviance • Isolated deviant act • Secondary Deviance • Deviance is part of person’s identity • Career criminals

  16. Labeling Theory • Deviance is relative • Certain societies believe different acts are deviant • Two people can do the same thing, but only one may be labeled as “deviant” • Lower-class “expected” to be deviant

  17. Consequences of Labeling • Stigma • Label that denies social acceptance • Determines individual’s future • Ex-Con  hard to find a job • Self-fulfilling prophecy • Start believing the label

  18. In each of the cases below… • Identify a label, which may be attached to the person as a result of their deviant behavior. • Outline how a deviant career may develop by describing the possible consequences of the labeling for the person’s future life and relationships. • Suggest ways in which that person might avoid being labeled even after they have committed the deviant act. • Change a part of the case (person, place, time) to make the act not deviant. 1. A young woman who is caught shoplifting in Wal-Mart. 2. A male teacher who publicly declares himself to be gay. 3. A person who is temporarily admitted to a mental hospital as a result of a nervous breakdown. 4. An 18-year-old man who gets arrested during a fight at a football game.

  19. Conflict Theory and Deviance Chapter 7, Section 4

  20. Conflict Theory • Same crime • Minorities more likely convicted; harsher punishment • African-Americans in U.S.  • 12% of population • 43% of death row inmates

  21. Reason for Difference • Low Income • Unable to get good legal service • Victim Discounting • When victim is a lower-class citizen, the crime seen as less serious • Society cares less about minorities

  22. White-Collar Crime • Crime committed by high-status people through their job • Economic costs are 18X higher than “street crime” • Violators get probation or short sentences

  23. Approaches to Crime Control Chapter 7, Section 5

  24. Deterrence • Threat of punishment discourages crime • Punishment = Example to the rest of society • 3 Key Factors • Likelihood of being caught • Severity of the punishment • Quickness of punishment

  25. Deterrence - Death Penalty • Stats do not support d.p. as deterring crime • Racial Differences • Whites support: 75% • African Americans do not: 40% • Attitude toward justice system • Murder not committed with consequences in mind

  26. Retribution • Make criminals pay a price • Society designates impartial people to punish deviants • Violator learns a lesson

  27. Incarceration • Protect society by locking away criminals

  28. Rehabilitation • Attempt to resocialize criminals • Alternatives to Prison • Prison / Probation • Spend part of sentence in prison, part on probation • Community-based programs • Reintroduce ex-cons into society • Diversion strategy • Get help from other institution

  29. Recidivism • Prisoners being arrested again • Of inmates released in 1994… • 67.5% rearrested • 46.9% reconvicted • 25.4% resentenced for a new crime • Within 3 years of being released • 43% of sex offenders were rearrested Statistics from U.S. Dept. of Justice

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