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The shift from manual toll collection to Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is inevitable, yet the pace of this transition remains uncertain. The expansion of ETC lanes is a key driver in encouraging users to adopt transponders. Success in this transition requires that supply leads demand, alongside effective marketing strategies. Without careful consideration and foresight, short-sighted decisions may hinder progress. Further research into user reluctance is necessary to understand and facilitate smoother adoption of ETC systems.
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Conclusions • Conversion of manual toll collection to ETC is inevitable, its pace is unclear. • Rate of opening ETC lanes drives adoption of transponders by users. • To be successful: supply must lead demand, marketing is required. • Myopic decisions will lead to a slower pace. • Research questions on “reluctance” term.