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Political Culture

Political Culture. Are Asian cultures unfavorable for democracy? Are Korean people committed to democratic values? A short discussion: Why not class cleavage?: Why regionalism?. 1. Are Asian cultures unfavorable for democracy?. Lee Kwan Yew (former PM, Singapore),

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Political Culture

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  1. Political Culture Are Asian cultures unfavorable for democracy? Are Korean people committed to democratic values? A short discussion: Why not class cleavage?: Why regionalism? 1

  2. Are Asian cultures unfavorable for democracy? • Lee Kwan Yew (former PM, Singapore), “Asian values = fit for paternalistic authoritarianism” • Samuel Huntington, • democracy/cultural heritage correlation “Confucianism = undemocratic or anti-democratic” • Democracy/development correlation (Francis Fukuyama, Adam Przeworski): -Japan, South Korea, Taiwan -Singapore, Hong Kong: exceptions

  3. FukuyamaAsian values: no bar to democracy • Asian religions: tolerant (unlike monotheistic religions-Judaism, Christianity, Islam) • Cultural heterogeneity (Amartya Sen) • Asian values: more to do with social order than with political order • Korean values: -high willingness to protest (less emphasis on social order) -increase in participation in civil society -Confucian familism, low radius of trust -low level of generalized trust (?)

  4. Kim Dae-jungMyth of Asia’s Anti-Democratic Values “Culture is not our destiny. Democracy is.” Democratic ideals: • Meng tzu, politics of royal ways • People-based politics: “The will of the people is the will of heaven.” • Tonghak (a native religion of Korea), “Man is heaven.” Democratic institutions: • Civil service exams (China, Korea) • Freedom of speech

  5. Are Korean people committed to democratic values? • Democratic consolidation requires an attitudinal and behavioral commitment to democracy as “the only game in town.” • Positive sign: Strong aversion to the undemocratic regime alternatives

  6. Preferences in Type of Rule Source: Rose & Shin (1997), recited from Fukuyama (2000)

  7. Types of Preferences regarding Democracy Recited from Shin & Wells (2005)

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