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Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles. 7.12D Differentiate between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles,  including  cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and vacuole. Cell Membrane.

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Cell Organelles

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  1. Cell Organelles 7.12D Differentiate between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and vacuole

  2. Cell Membrane • Structure: Flexible Membrane with small holes, Surrounds cells (outside layer for animal cells, just inside cell wall for plants)

  3. Cell Membrane Plant Cell  Animal Cell  • Function: Controls what goes in and out of cell (transports material) & Holds in cytoplasm • Analogy: It is like the bright orange flexible fencing around construction sites because it protects the work site while still allowing things to go through.

  4. Ribosomes • Structure: are free in the cytoplasm and often attached to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. 

  5. Ribosomes Plant Cell  Animal Cell  • Function: Protein production for the Cell • Analogy: a factory that makes proteins

  6. Cytoplasm The material inside the membrane Structure: Gel-like fluid made mostly of water

  7. Cytoplasm Plant Cell  Animal Cell  • Function: • Holds organelles • keeps cell flexible • maintains shape of cell • Analogy: It is like the water in a swimming pool because all the stuff that happens in the pool happens in the water. The water supports the swimmer like cytoplasm supports organelles

  8. Mitochondria Structure: Bean shape with many layers inside

  9. Mitochondria Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Function: Transforms energy (from nutrients and Oxygen) for cells to use Analogy: Mitochondria act like a power plant because they both transform other materials to make energy.

  10. Nucleus Structure: Large and round, will usually be located towards the middle of the cell. Membrane bound (eukaryotic)

  11. Nucleus Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Function: Contains genetic material (DNA), controls cellular activities Analogy: The nucleus is like the brain of a human because the brain controls the actions of the body like the nucleus controls the cell.

  12. Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure: Flat, folded membrane, usually around the nucleus

  13. Endoplasmic Reticulum Function: Makes proteins for the cell. Internal delivery system. Analogy: ER is like a factory that produces goods and ships what they have made.

  14. Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER – is involved in some protein production, protein folding, quality control and dispatch. It is called ‘rough’ because it is studded with ribosomes Smooth ER - storage and metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis and transport of lipids

  15. Golgi Body Structure: Stacked membranes

  16. Golgi Body Function: Packages and delivers materials made from ER. In plants, the Golgi made cell wall material. Analogy: Golgi bodies are like FedEx because they package and ship materials around and out of cell.

  17. Lysosome Structure: small and round, usually more found in animal cells. Can move within cells.

  18. Lysosome Function: Digestion of cellular waste. Recycles old cell material to make new molecules. Analogy: Lysosomes are like your digestive system because both can break apart larger materials to make new molecules.

  19. Vacuole Structure: small and round in animal cells, usually a single large bag-like structure in plants

  20. Vacuole Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Function: stores water and nutrients, aids(helps) in cellular digestion. In plants it works with the cell wall for cell support (turgor pressure). Analogy: A canteen is like a vacuole because both are used to store water.

  21. Chloroplast Structure: green, bean shaped – found only in plant cells

  22. Chloroplast Only in plant cells! Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Function: contains chlorophyll that makes photosynthesis possible Analogy: Kitchens are like chloroplast because both make “food” for organisms.

  23. Cell Wall Structure: rigid material that forms the outer layer of plant cells.

  24. Cell Wall Only in plant cells! Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Function: gives plant cells support and protects cell’s interior. Analogy: Walls of a building are like a cell wall because both are used for support.

  25. So Which is Which and Why? In your science journal write a few sentences about how you can identify different organelles and types of cells.

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