Ms. Sawh Form 4 Chemistry

1. Ms. SawhForm 4 Chemistry Introduction to Chemistry

2. What you will need • Notebook: a new one/Form 3 notebook • Lab book: purchase in school • Syllabus (available online) • Past Papers (available in bookstores/school) • Access to Computer and my website: www.sawhcoolchem.weebly.com • An email address • Folder pages/manila folders

3. Chemistry • What do you think the study of Chemistry is about? • Why are you studying Chemistry? • Do you think Chemistry has any relevance to your everyday life? • How is Chemistry different to any other science e.g. Biology, Physics?

4. Matter What is matter? • Anything that has a mass and a volume

5. States of Matter What are the states of matter? Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Close up view of atoms and their behavior Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/

6. Physical vs. Chemical Change • Changing from one state to another is a • Physical Change, • e.g. melting • Give another example. • If a new substance is formed it is a • Chemical Change, e.g. • Give another example. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

7. Kinetic Theory of Matter(Particulate Nature of Matter) All Matter is made up of particles • Name these particles. • How do we know these particles exist? • What evidence do we have that proves matter is made up of particles?

8. Processes that prove particles exist in matter The particles that exist in matter are: atoms, molecules and ions. The evidence that proves these particles exist are: • Diffusion • Osmosis • Brownian Motion • Write a definition of each and give examples.

9. Pure and Impure Matter Matter can be pure and impure. How can we tell if a substance is pure? Can you name any pure substances? What are some impure substances?

10. Pure substances • Atoms • Elements • Molecules • Compounds Can you write definitions for these pure substances and give examples?

11. Atoms • Smallest indivisible particles making up elements. • The building blocks of Matter • Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), • and Neutrons (0). Elements • Consists of only one kind of atom, • Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of substance • by either physical or chemical means • Can exist as either atoms or molecules. • Give examples. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

12. Molecules • A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. • Give examples.

13. Compounds • Atoms of two or more different elements bound together. • Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically. • Give examples. Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html

14. Solutions Impure Matter • Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution. • They can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous • Uniform Distribution. • Example: Sugar and Water Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

15. To make a solution: Solute • The substance to be dissolved. Solvent • The one doing the dissolving.

16. Making a Solution

17. Colloids • Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions . • Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

18. Mixtures • They are substances (compounds,elements) held together by physical forces, not chemical. • Can be separated physically. • Solutions are also mixtures, but • can be heterogeneous. Heterogeneous • The substances are not uniformly mixed. • Example: Sand in a glass of water. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

19. Mixtures Suspensions • Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts • that are visible to the naked eye. • Substances will settle over time. Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

21. Questions • How is a mixture different to a compound? • How is a compound different to a molecule? • How is an atom different to an element? • Is a solution a pure substance?