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AVIONICS-AE 2401

AVIONICS-AE 2401. UNIT -1 INTRODUCTION TO AVIONICS Prepared by Rajarajeswari.m Mohammed Sathak Eng college,. SYLLABUS. Need for Avionics in civil and military aircraft and space systems – Integrated Avionic systems Typical avionics sub systems Design approaches and recemt advamces

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AVIONICS-AE 2401

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  1. AVIONICS-AE 2401 UNIT -1 INTRODUCTION TO AVIONICS Prepared by Rajarajeswari.m Mohammed SathakEng college,

  2. SYLLABUS • Need for Avionics in civil and military aircraft and space systems – • Integrated Avionic systems • Typical avionics sub systems • Design approaches and recemt advamces • Application technologies

  3. Introduction Avionics Definition And Scheme, Major Avionic Systems, Types Of Aircrafts, Avionic Companies, Defiitions, And Various Flight Phases

  4. Avionics Onboard Avionics- Flight Control Avionics, Cockpit avionics, Communication and Navigation avionics, Cabin Avionics and Auxiliary & power systems Ground Avionics: Air traffic Management Electronics (ATC)

  5. Avionic systems Altimeter 1 2 3 4 Navigation Radar Flight Control Communication 2 A Pilot to Gnd B Fly by light DME Satellite Beacons 1 Fly by wire Pilot to Passenger

  6. Avionics = ? • Equipments required for control, monitor, communicate, navigate, weather, and anti-collision systems • Equipments at the ground for the above-(ATC) • A drive with 14 or 28 volt DC electrical systems

  7. 1. NAVIGATION SYSTEMS • Satellite-based systems for navigation Eg.Global Position System 2. Ground-based systems for navigation Eg.VOR-Very high frequency Omnidirectional Range or LORAN- any combination thereof

  8. Ground based Navigation subsystem • VHF Omnirange- VOR for direction information to pilot (108-118 MHz) • Automatic Direction Finder for advising the aircrew with a relative bearing to a selected grond station with a receiver on the aircraft • Instrument Landing system –ILS- a precision approach system to the pilot on the Runway • DME- secondary radar with a ground beacon

  9. NAVIGATION subsystem • AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER using Beacons on the ground, shown on the cockpit for Pilot • VHF OMNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE- VOR where phase difference between 2 modulated sine waves corresponding to the actual bearing relative to true north indicated on the VOR on the Cockpit • RADAR NAVIGATION using Transponder at the aircraft.

  10. MAJOR AVIONIC SYSTEMS • NAVIGATION SYSTEM-Ground based and satellite based • COMMUNICATION SYSTEM-VHF communication (Air band Rx) between Aircraft to ATC • FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM-for controlling the aircraft for stability, wind shear, thunderstorm, • RADAR SYSTEM-DME, Altimeter, Transponder for finding the distance to next stn, height of the aircraft and the device at the aircraft for precision landing thru Transponder Landing system

  11. Various Civilian Aircrafts • Boeing- (727, 737, 747, 757, 767), Seatle • Airbus-s (A300, A310, A318 to A321, A330, A340, etc.),Toules-France • DC-3,DC-10 (Doughlas)-California • Dassault Falcons (Falcon 50, Falcon 900, Falcon 2000),

  12. BOEING 767 AND AIRBUS 380 AIRBUS 380 BOEING 767

  13. Avionic companies • Honeywell USA-Supplier of avionic systems • Bendix & King-USA- for MFD, GPS • Baker Electronics USA-PILOT audio systems • Rockwell Collins USA-aerospace & defense communication • Thales France-aerospace & defense • Garmin-USA-GPS systems • Sagem-Avionic Recorders and Pilot components

  14. Recording equipment for flight parameters in Airbus and Boeing

  15. Definitions • Course -the angle aircraft makes with a fixed reference true north-0° being north, 90° being east • Heading-the direction of the aircraft's nose pointing ; North- 0*, East – 90*, south -180* and west -270* degrees • Track-the actual path followed by the aircraft from A to B. In a given scheme

  16. Various Flight Phases

  17. Various Flight Phases • Pre fllight • Take off • Departure • Enroute • Descend • Approach • Landing

  18. 1. Need for Avionics in civil and military aircraft and space systems In Civil, in military, in Space

  19. Need for Civil AircraftS • For Flight Control – Computations and flight surfaces control (PWM) • For Mission and Management computation • For Navigating the aircraft – full solution, AHRS (Altitude and Head Reference System) • For getting Air Data like altitude, outside temp and pressure • For getting the magnetic field thru Magnetometer • For various Payloads and Data-link Control through extended I/O

  20. Military Aircrafts • Stealth- F-117 Nighthawk (1980s-2008) • B-2 Spirit "Stealth Bomber,“ • F-22 Raptor • F-35 Lightning • F18 Super-cruice Aircraft • A10 Thunderbolt Jet • (Brahmos Supersonic Cruice Missile)

  21. NEED FOR MILITARY AIR CRAFTS • For Stealth technology- less visible to Radar, IR, Sonar, and other detection means • For Super cruise, • For Reliability, • Availability • Need for growth capacity • Example: Integrated avionics system-the solution • Eg.F22 (BY LOCKHEED MARTIN)

  22. NEED FOR SPACECRAFTS • systems integration, multifunction control and display units, data processing systems, adaptive antenna systems • human factors engineering and navigation systems. • Advanced fail-passive autopilot, flight director and display processor into a single line-replaceable unit, significant weight, size and reliability advantages are realized.

  23. Integrated Avionic system Definition, Features, Weapon system

  24. Definition IMA • A real time Computer Network Airborne system( modular architecture) consisting of various computing modules, with different criticality levels

  25. F22 –Integrated Modular Avionic-IMA Suite (LOCKHEED MARTIN)

  26. Basic features of IMA • A Dedicated Avionic System • Full Cockpit Control and Display System • Acoustic Warnings and tones to Crew • Autonomous Navigation system’ • Full Plant Management feature • Monitoring and Diagnostic features.

  27. Integrated Avionic System in detail • A dedicated Avionic system controlling the Core Data Bus • Fully NVG compatible cockpit- Control and Display System (CDS) allowing to display information and receive commands from the crew • Communication and Identification System (CIS) giving simultaneous communication in clear and secure voice + acoustic warnings and identification tones to the crew • Navigation System (NAS) generating guidance and navigation data by means of autonomous and radio navigation systems (including Inertial Reference System with GPS, Doppler Radar, Air Data System • Plant Management System (PMS) interfacing the vehicle sensors with the Avionic System to acquire and process vehicle and avionics data • Monitoring and Diagnostic System (MDS) ensuring the interface of all the vehicle sub-systems and equipment

  28. Features of Integrated Avionic System • Advanced flight deck functionality, • Improved situational awareness • Increased system flexibility for business and regional aircraft. • Large liquid crystal flat panel displays • Integrated Navigation (INAV™) • Patented Graphical Flight Planning (GFP) functionally allows for the quick and safe modification of flight plans with the ability to monitor weather, terrain, and air traffic.

  29. F22 –Integrated Avionic Suite (LOCKHEED MARTIN)

  30. Integrated Avionic System • Simultaneous display of traffic, terrain, airspace, airways, airports, navigation aids • Fully digital, integrated autopilot and auto throttle Integrated flight management system • Patented Graphical Flight Planning (GFP) • Integrated Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) • Integrated communication management function LCD flat panel displays enabling most aircraft , systems and navigation data onto a single Cockpit Display • Drop Down Menus & On-screen point and click functionality

  31. Features of Integrated Avionic system( F22 Avionics suite) • Very high-speed integrated circuit (VHSIC) technology, common modules, and high-speed data buses • Common Integrated Processor (CIP), a central "brain" with the equivalent computing throughput of two Cray supercomputers; shared low-observable antennas; • Long Rage Radar/APG-77 radar is the F-22's primary sensor and is a long-range, rapid-scan, and multi-functional system

  32. 2. Avionic sub systems 1.Navigation (GPS, VOR), 2.Communication, 3. Flight Control System (Auto pilot) 4. Radar subsystem

  33. Avionic Subsystem • Navigation Subsystem (GPS-Global Position system & VOR) • Communication subsystem • Flight control subsystem • RADAR subsystem-Radio Detection and Ranging

  34. Avionic sub systems Altimeter 1 2 3 4 Navigation Radar Flight Control Communication 2 A Pilot to Gnd B Fly by light DME Satellite Beacons 1 Fly by wire Pilot to Passenger

  35. 1. NAVIGATION sub SYSTEMS • Satellite-based systems for navigation Eg.Global Position System 2. Ground-based systems for navigation Eg.VOR-Very high frequency Omnidirectional Range or LORAN- any combination thereof

  36. Two types of Navigation Rules • VFR-Visual Flight Rules-pilot by see and avoid concept( small airports) • IFR-Instrument Flight Rules-pilot by ILS

  37. Ground Based Navigation-VOR • Use VHF omni-range (VOR) radio beacons(108 to 118 Mhz) to guide aircraft safely to their destinations. • Many Ground Stations on VHF use LOS • Communication between Aircraft and ATC through VHF Freq. (108.1 through 117.95 MHz) with VOR fitted on the Aircraft • Ground Based System give heading when the aircraft remains in the same track envelope

  38. Satellite Based Navigation system-GPS

  39. GPS by Garmin

  40. GPS Measure • Precise Position of Aircraft in 3 Directions, X,Y & Z in Degrees • Position of Aircraft in Dynamic time with nanosecond accuracy • Velocity of the Aircraft through Doppler Frequency • GPS calculates Aircraft position by timing the signals sent by the GPS Satellites high above the Earth • 3 satellites enough to fix aircrafts position

  41. GPS Segments GPS-3 segments; • Space segment (SS), 24 Satellites for Space Segment orbiting the earth in 12 hours in 6 orbital planes at 60* • Control segment (CS) for Tracking the satellites for its track and correcting the time for each satellite • User segment by GPS receivers,receiving the data for 4 parameters

  42. 3.Space Segment (12 Visible Sat)

  43. Advantages of Satellite Based Navigation • Primarily Save Fuel Cost • Enable commercial aircraft flying under IFR to fly directly to their destinations • Shorten virtually every commercial airline route, safe fuel and time, increase the amount of air traffic in the skies at any one time, and reduce aircraft engine emissions • 40 percent drop in general aviation accidents (by FAA)

  44. GPS System • Location of an object determined in respect to its longitude and latitude coordinates by signals from 24 Satellites in 6 Orbits, transmitting consists of satellite position, time and data on the basis • Provides location of the Aircraft on the earth with accuracy • Provide visual navigation and normal object guidance when it is impossible for pilot to locate the destinations’ position due to bad weather or at night

  45. 1a. Satellite based Navigation (GPS)

  46. Garmin GPS

  47. Ground based Navigation system VOR, ADF, ILS, DME

  48. Ground Based Navigation systems • VOR for direction information to Pilot • ADF for giving relative bearing in Degrees to Pilot wrt to a ground station • ILS for offering a precision landing system to Pilot on a Glide Path • DME- a Secondary Radar Navigation system with a Ground Beacon

  49. 2. Ground based Navigation subsystems • VORVHF Omnirange- VOR working on VHF frequency of 108-118 MHz • ADFAutomatic Direction Finder for advising the aircrew with a relative bearing to a selected ground station with a receiver on the aircraft • ILS:Instrument Landing system –ILS- a precision approach system to the pilot on the Runway • DME- secondary radar with a ground beacon

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