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Chapter 4: The WAR FOR independence

This chapter explores the emergence of new ideas during the 1700s that influenced American colonists, such as John Locke's concept of natural rights. It also examines the unfair taxation imposed by Britain, leading to increased questioning and resistance from the colonists.

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Chapter 4: The WAR FOR independence

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  1. Chapter 4 Chapter 4: The WAR FOR independence

  2. Chapter 4 Section 1: The Stirrings of Rebellion

  3. During the 1700’s… • New ideas regarding society, citizenship & government emerged • What is the purpose of government?

  4. European Enlightenment Philosophy 1700’s- Influenced American Colonists • John Locke:ALL men are born with natural rights and should be free • Voltaire:Freedom of Speech should be permitted • Montesquieu:Power should be shared (anti- absolute power ex: King)

  5. John Locke • English Enlightenment Philosopher • “ the governed have aresponsibility to rebel against a government that fails to protect the natural rights of life, liberty & property”

  6. The Enlightenment in Pictures • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CP8k_f3PFq8

  7. American Colonists… • Began to question their relationship with Great Britain when… • 1. Britain began imposing “unfair” laws • 2. British soldiers abused their authority • 3. When Great Britain started “taxing” colonists unfairly

  8. What is Mercantilism? • An economic system in which nations seek to increase their wealth and power by: • 1. Obtaining large amounts of gold & silver • 2. Establishing favorable trade • a Nation’s power is measured by its economic wealth.

  9. THE ORIGINAL 13 COLONIES • 1. Colonies were self – governing • Benefitted from trade with their Mother country ( England) • 2. England’s perspective: the purpose of having colonies was to extract resources, and expand trade.

  10. “Mad” King George III • Ruled Great Britain 1760-1820 • Not known for thinking decisions through…

  11. King George III • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhFKB036gyM

  12. Salutary Neglect • British Policy-Between 1690-1760 • Interfered very little in Colonial affairs • “a taste of freedom” for colonists

  13. Great Britain was In Debt… • After the French & Indian War • How Does a Government…Raise $ to pay off debts? • TAXES ! !

  14. Causes of American Revolution • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfnrdWYmZus

  15. Navigation Acts, 1650-1660’s • 1. Trade within the colonies only through British ships • 2. Sugar, Tobacco, & Indigo to be traded within British empire • 3. International trade -goods must first be shipped to Britain

  16. Molasses Act, 1733 • Enforced tax on molasses (sweetener) • Consequense: • Decline of rum industry in colonies • Decrease in trade • Disrupts colonial economy

  17. Writs of Assistance, 1760-1761 • Right to search: • Homes, warehouses, businesses • Without a warrant! • Meant to deter smuggling of goods

  18. Sugar Act, 1764 • Intended to pay off Britain’s national debt • “money for the crown” • Tax on : sugar, molasses, wine

  19. Quartering Act, 1765-1767 • Required colonial citizens to Provide Room & Board • For British Soldiers!

  20. Stamp Act, 1765 • Tax on : • ALL printed materials /paper goods • “Stamp” = tax has been paid  • “direct tax” – on goods produced within the colonies

  21. ISSUES RAISED: • 1. Does English King &Parliament have the right to tax the colonies? • 2. Can English King & Parliament truly reflect colonial interests?

  22. Colonial Reaction: Stamp Act Congress • Colonists outraged! • Stamp Act Congress – a series of meetings • Representatives of 9/13 colonies met in NY • Argued that British crown had no right to impose internal, direct tax • “no taxation w/o representation”

  23. Colonial Reaction: Sons of Liberty • Sons of liberty :sometimes violent protest group • Led By: Samuel Adams • Organized opposition to Stamp Act • “non importation movement”- boycott British goods

  24. Colonial Reaction: Sons of Liberty • 1. Propaganda (distribute pamphlets) • 2. Destroy “stamps” • 3. Boycott British goods • 4. Harass tax collectors & government officials (tar & feather)

  25. Colonial Reaction: Sons of Liberty • http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution-history/videos/sons-of-liberty

  26. King George III & British Parliament • Repealed (did away with) the Stamp Act in 1766

  27. Declaratory Act, 1766 • Revenge!! • Right of British crown • To tax the colonies in the future • Reminds colonists who their King is, and who ultimately has the power to make decisions for them

  28. Townshend Act, 1767 • Import taxes on : glass, paper, tea, lead, dyes for paint • Also known as the “ Revenue Act”

  29. Colonial Boston Hit the Hardest • Economy Suffered due to Sugar Act trade restrictions • Shipbuilding declines • Fires in 1760 • And TAXES…

  30. Colonial Reaction: Boston Massacre, 1770 • Colonists taunt British soldiers • Soldier fires into crowd • An accident? • How many people died? (guess by looking at the illustration) •  Paul Revere engraving

  31. “The Bloody Massacre” – Paul Revere, 1770

  32. Colonial Reaction: Boston Massacre, 1770 • 5-7 dead + 4 wounded • Seen as an abuse of authority • Soldiers sent to trial • “not guilty” • Sons of liberty use propaganda against British

  33. SGMHS East Coast Trip 2016

  34. TEA ACT, 1773 • Meant to save the East India Company from Bankruptcy • British Government Granted monopoly to Company • “cheap prices” undercut local merchants • Colonists refused to buy tea

  35. Colonial Reaction; Boston Tea Party, 1773 • 60 Colonists Dressed as Mohawks go to Boston Harbor , boarded ships • Threw 342 chests of tea overboard – protest Tea Act • A justified protest? Or vandalism?

  36. Boston Tea Party & Ship Museum • http://www.bostonteapartyship.com/museum • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sadrVBkrmjI • Q: What do you think about interactive museums such as this one? Would you like to visit the Boston Tea Party Ship & Museum?

  37. Boston Tea Party – Eyewitness Account -Why the Costume? • “It was now evening, and I immediately dressed myself in the costume of an Indian, equipped with a small hatchet, which I and my associates denominated the tomahawk, with which, and a club, after having painted my face and hands with coal dust in the shop of a blacksmith, I repaired to Griffin's wharf, where the ships lay that contained the tea. When I first appeared in the street after being thus disguised, I fell in with many who were dressed, equipped and painted as I was, and who fell in with me and marched in order to the place of our destination” – George Hewes

  38. British Response to Boston Tea Party • Coercive/Intolerable Acts, 1773: • Boston Harbor is closed • Boston Loses charter (right to self govern) • Martial Law established • Quartering act reinforced

  39. Video Clip : America the Story of Us 24:22

  40. Colonial Reaction; First Continental Congress, 1774 • Colonial Representatives … • 1. Urged colonies to build military reserves • 2. “Declaration of Rights & Grievances” sent to King of England • 3. Boycott committees • 4. Agree to meet again May 1775 if grievances had not been addressed by the crown

  41. Colonist Response- Storage of Weapons, 1775 • Colonists began to stockpile weapons in a warehouse in Concord, Massachusetts

  42. British Response; April 1775, Concord • New Massachusetts Governor • Sent 700 British soldiers • To Concord To destroy colonists’ weapons housed in warehouse

  43. “The British are Coming!” • Paul Revere ‘s famous midnight ride • sent from Boston • To warn Colonists that the “British are coming” • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yH12l5NdJlY

  44. Paul Revere Statue

  45. Why does PAUL REVERE GET ALL THE CREDIT? • 1. William Dawes – also participated in the mid night ride • 2. Samuel Prescott- also participated in the Midnight ride

  46. What About Sibyl Ludington’s Ride A Year Later (1777)? • Daughter of a Military leader • 16 years old • Sybil with her family received word that British troops had begun burning Danbury, Connecticut, only 25 miles away. • Sybil rode horse and warned colonists • Rode twice the distance as Paul Revere • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9UfrTLXYfM

  47. Public Monuments and Historical Memory

  48. The American War of Independence/Revolution Officially Begins, April 19 1775 • Colonists “blocked” British troops on their way to Concord • @ Lexington • 1st shot fired, IN 1775 • Lexington/Concord the 1st Battle of the American Revolution

  49. The American Colonists vs. The British • 1st Battle of the American Revolution: Lexington & Concord , 1775 • 1st shot fired –” the shot heard around the world”

  50. Lexington/Concord today…

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