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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM [CNS] TUTORIAL DISCUSSION 2

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM [CNS] TUTORIAL DISCUSSION 2. Dr. Zahoor Tuesday 10-12-2013. TOPICS. Thalamus and Hypothalamus Speech Limbic System Memory Sleep and EEG. 1. THALAMUS & HYPOTHALAMUS. Q1. What are the functions of Thalamus? Q2. If sensory cortex is damaged, can person

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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM [CNS] TUTORIAL DISCUSSION 2

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  1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM [CNS] TUTORIAL DISCUSSION 2 Dr. Zahoor Tuesday 10-12-2013

  2. TOPICS • Thalamus and Hypothalamus • Speech • Limbic System • Memory • Sleep and EEG

  3. 1. THALAMUS & HYPOTHALAMUS

  4. Q1. What are the functions of Thalamus? Q2. If sensory cortex is damaged, can person i). Feel the pain ii). Localize the pain Q3. What is Thalamic Pain Syndrome? Q4. What are functions of Hypothalamus?

  5. Q5. In relation to temperature regulation, which part of hypothalamus i). Produces heat ii). Looses heat Q6. In cold weather, by what mechanism posterior hypothalamus produces heat? Q7. In hot weather, by what mechanism anterior hypothalamus looses heat?

  6. Q8. Name four different ways by which heat is lost by the body? Which one is most important? Q9. What is heat exhaustion? Q10. What is heat stroke? Q11. What is upper limit of high temperature and lower limit of low temperature compatible with life?

  7. 2. SPEECH

  8. Q1. What is Speech? Q2. Name the center for motor speech. Where is it located? Q3. Why is it named Broca’s area [who was Broca’s]? Q4. Name the sensory speech area. Where is it located?

  9. Q5. Why is it named Wernicke’s area [Who was Wernicke’s]? Q6. If person has cerebrovascular accident, (CVA) and (Rt) hemiplegia, will his motor speech be affected or not? Q7. What happens in motor aphasia?

  10. Q8. If Wernicke’s area is damaged, and there is sensory aphasia, what happens to speech? Q9. In sensory aphasia, speech is fluent or non fluent? Q10. What is Dysarthria? Q11. What are causes of Dysarthria?

  11. Q12. What is Dysphonia? Q13. What type of speech is there in i). Cerebellar disease ii). Parkinson’s disease Q14. If child has damage to speech areas before the age of 2 years, will he be able to speak or not. Give reasons. Q15. What is stammering speech? At what age it usually occurs?

  12. 3. LIMBIC SYSTEM

  13. Q1. What are the function of Limbic System? Q2. Define Limbic System. Q3. What important parts of brain are included in the Limbic System?

  14. Q4. Define - Emotions - Behavior - Motivation Q5. What are main functions of - Amygdale - Hippo campus - Mamillary bodies - Hypothalamus - Cingulategyrus

  15. Q6. Name two chemical transmitters operating in the Limbic System. Q7. What is cause of Depression? Q8. What drug/drugs are useful in depression and why? Q9. What is Alzheimer Disease?

  16. 4. MEMORY

  17. Q1. Define memory [long term]. Q2. Give classification of memory. Q3. What is Short term memory? Q4. What is Long term memory?

  18. Q5. What are the centers for memory in the brain? Q6. Where is main center for short term memory? Q7. Where is main center for skill memory? Q8. Where is main center for working memory?

  19. Q9. Where long term memory is stored? Q10. What is memory trace? Q11. What is consolidation of memory? Q12.Why we forget the things e.g. telephone number given by friend?

  20. Q13. Why we remember the telephone number we have dialed many times? Q14. What is effect of habituation (inhibition) and sensitization (excitation) on memory? Q15. What is Declarative (explicit) memory?

  21. Q16. What is skill (implicit) memory? Q17. What is senile dementia? Q18. Give four pathological causes of dementia (loss of memory)? Q19. How can we improve our memory?

  22. 5. SLEEP AND EEG

  23. Q1. What is Sleep? Name two types of sleep. Q2. What is EEG? Q3. What is non rapid eye movement [NREM] sleep? Give 1-4 stages. Q4. Co-relate stage 1-4 of sleep with EEG recording.

  24. Q5. What is rapid eye movement sleep [REM]? Why is it called paradoxical sleep? Q6. What EEG pattern we get during REM sleep? Q7. Why NREM sleep is called slow wave sleep? Q8. How many cycles of NREM and REM sleep occur during normal sleep period of 6-8 hours in adult person?

  25. Q9. For how much time sleep is required for an adult person? Q10.Infant spend more time for NREM/ REM sleep? Q11. Adult spend more time for NREM/REM sleep? Q12. How much time is spend in NREM/REM sleep by adult person?

  26. Q13. Dreams occur during NREM or REM sleep? Q14. Sleep walking, talking occur during which stage of NREM sleep? Q15. Why we sleep? Q16. What is insomnia?

  27. Q17. What is narcolepsy? Q 18. What is sleep Apnea ? Q19. What is Polysomnography?

  28. THANK YOU

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