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Mitigating Climate Change: a key role for decarbonising transport

Mitigating Climate Change: a key role for decarbonising transport. Professor Dame Julia King DBE FREng Vice-Chancellor Aston University National Carbon Reduction Conference London 21 st November 2013. The UK target and transport emissions Achieving emissions reductions

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Mitigating Climate Change: a key role for decarbonising transport

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  1. Mitigating Climate Change: a key role for decarbonising transport Professor Dame Julia King DBE FREng Vice-Chancellor Aston University National Carbon Reduction Conference London 21st November 2013

  2. The UK target and transport emissions • Achieving emissions reductions • Practical steps at Aston University

  3. CO2 emission reduction 50% cut in global emissions by 2050 to keep temperature rise to ~ 2o 2050: 22GT global emissions 2100: 9GT 2050: 9 billion people 2.5 tonnes per year each 80% reduction in emissions in UK

  4. The UK’s 2050 target 670 MtCO2e International aviation & shipping* Agriculture non-CO2 Other non-CO2 & LUC 76% cut (=80% vs. 1990) Industry (heat and industrial processes) Residential & commercial heat Domestic transport 159 MtCO2e Power generation * bunker fuels basis

  5. 17% global emissions 20% UK emissions 33% US emissions Road Transport 1 billion vehicles globally use 53% of oil produced

  6. Car emissions • In 2050 total CO2eper head needs to be about 2.5 tonnes per annum • An average car today in the UK (160g/km), driven 15,000km per year, emits 2.4 tonnes per annum

  7. The transport challenge: CARS Cars and vans: 73% Source: DECC 2009, 2008 final UK greenhouse gas emissions: data tables

  8. Distance driven Technology Strategy Board

  9. China Efficiency: in congested urban areas, 30-40% of total fuel is used by cars looking for parking The average search time is about 8 minutes Source: MIT c Urban transportation is approximately twice as energy intense as intercity transport Source: Schafer et al MIT Press 2009 Traffic

  10. Achieving CO2 emissions reductions • Efficient Citizens • Efficient Cities • Efficient Cars

  11. ‘Movement of people and goods provides vital social and economic benefits’ Vehicle choice: 25 – 30% Eco driving: 15% Speed limits: 10 – 20% Reduced marginal car use Public transport Reduced congestion Efficiency Julia King Aston University Birmingham, UK

  12. Choosing best in class 25 – 30% reduction SMMT 2012 Boxes indicate range where 50% of sales fall

  13. Efficient citizens: 2020 • Committee on Climate Change 2020 • ‘Efficient people’ deliver ~ 22% reduction • Driving behaviour and modal shift ~ 6% saving • Reduced car use - Smarter Choices: reduction in car km of 5 – 7%, saves 3 – 4Mt CO2 • Eco-driving: 10% car & van drivers, 100% HGV drivers, saves 1Mt CO2 • Enforcing the speed limit at 70mph saves 1.3Mt CO2 • Reducing to 60mph would save another 1.45Mt CO2 • Majority from reducing vehicle emissions: average new car emissions 95g CO2/km in 2020

  14. Efficient Cities Calgary 90% of trips are by car Hong Kong less than 20%

  15. City design: use of private and public transport

  16. City growth of 25% Dispersal 59% smaller change in car passenger km Compaction

  17. The modal shift challenge: door-to-door in Delhi Source: IIT Delhi

  18. Carrots and sticks • But….you need dense cities and carrots and sticks • Carrots: public transport • Frequent • Subsidised • Clean • Secure • Sticks: financial penalties • Vehicle tax • Fuel price/tax • Congestion charging • Limited and expensive parking

  19. Efficient cars available technology can improve ICE vehicle efficiency by 50%: 70g/km Source: King Review HMT 2007, 2008

  20. China 2050 20g/km • Biofuels • Hydrogen • Electricity

  21. Electric cars: emissions 1 UK 2010 2 UK 2020 3 UK 2030 ‘Ultimate ICE’ Effective vehicle emissions (gCO2 /km) 2 1 3 Courtesy David Joffe, Committee on Climate Change 2008

  22. CCC: low-carbon vehicles need to be 60% of new sales in 2030 2030 Average emissions intensity in 2030 New cars purchased: 52g/km (versus 150g/km today) All cars on road: 81 g/km (versus 173 g/km today)

  23. Aston University Travel Action Plan • Education and awareness • Go Green Week • Platinum EcoCampus • Royal Academy of Engineering Visiting Professor of Sustainable Design • Green guide leaflet: local cycle parking and information on cycle routes, bus stops, campus buildings and website links • Active ‘Green Team’ • Encouraging modal shift to public transport • Increasing (salary-related) parking charges • Steadily reducing the total number of car parking spaces • University signed up to car share websites (little uptake), informal car sharing • Dedicated travel information webpages • Aston app for live bus and train departure times, large screen in reception • Improved locations and surroundings of local bus stops

  24. Aston University Travel Action Plan • Encouraging zero emissions: cycling and walking • Investment in cycle parking infrastructure across campus • Changing, showers and lockers for use by staff and students • Aston Bicycle Users Group, staff and students, shares information and promotes cycling • Business cycle mileage encourages staff to travel by bike on University business • Staff benefits: cycle purchase scheme from gross salary – before tax and NI • Discounted “D” locks, cycle scheme membership and promotional events • Shared use paths for cycling and walking including signage and vehicle access restrictions • Increasing on-campus student accommodation to reduce travel demand • Encouraging low emissions vehicles • University electric car available for business trips • Staff benefits: low emissions (˂120g/km) vehicle leasing from gross salary • Charging points for electric vehicles in car parks • Considering introduction of emission-based parking charges

  25. Aston University Travel Action Plan

  26. Impact on staff travel to work: 2011/12

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