Civilizations of East Asia

1. Civilizations of East Asia Ch 5, p. 79

2. Lesson Summary • _____ ends in 220, chaos ensues • 300 years later Sui Dynasty emerges • Grand Canal • _____________ pops up 40 yrs later • Land reforms, civil service exams are back • Expand power • ____________ comes much later • Cultural flourishing, then Mongol invasion

3. China Reunified, Ch 5.1 Vocab • Scholar-gentry  ________________ • Dowry • Period • Complexity

4. Unification Under Sui • Sui Dynasty (581-618) • Re-Unification after 300 years of chaos • ______________ • Emperor Sui Yangdi completed GC, linking the Yellow and Yangtze rivers • Good for ________ btwn N. and S. China • Ultimately leads to Sui downfall • Forced labor, high taxes, and extravagance at court angers everyone

5. Tang Reforms • Tang Dynasty (618-907) • _____________: redistribute land to peasants • Gov’t. Reform: reinstituted civil service exams, based on Confucius • Restore China’s Influence • Peace in NW China and control of Tibet. Diplomatic relations with SE Asia • Collapse • Corruption and rebellions (___________)

6. Prosperity Under Song • _____________(960-1279) • Prosperous and cultural growth • Invasions from North! • _____________ eventually overwhelm in the late 1200s and control China shortly thereafter

7. Three Dynasties = Sui, Tang & Song • Trade flourished and guilds grew • Banking and a money economy developed • Gunpowder invented and primitive flame-thrower used in battle: the ___________!

9. Gov’t. & EconomyDuring Three Dynasties • Mature political/economic system is born! • Monarchy and _________________ • ____________________ create some social mobility and a literate bureaucracy • Farming: • Improved techniques and land reform produced more food

10. Think-Pair-Share • Why were the landed gentry that replaced the old aristocracy known as scholar-gentry? OR • How did the dowry contribute to female children being less desirable than male children?

11. Gov’t. & Economy, Cont’d. • _________________________ • All invented/discovered…better weapons, clothes • Private merchants and guilds • Before Chinese gov’t. mostly controlled trade • Silk Road comes back b/c of Arab stability • ___________ • In the 700-800s paper money as currency started to replace copper coins, banking blossomed

12. Chinese Society • _______________ were an age of relative prosperity • Gap btwn rich and poor narrowed • BUT women still had very little power or influence during this time. • ___________ probably started in the Song Dynasty

13. Lesson Summary • ______ ends in 220, chaos ensues • 300 years later Sui Dynasty emerges • Grand Canal • __________ pops up 40 yrs later • Land reforms, civil service exams are back • Expand power • ____________ comes much later • Cultural flourishing, then Mongol invasion

14. Ch 5.1 Discussion & Review • What traditional ideals underlined Chinese gov’t. during the Three Dynasties? • ________________ • How did the Tang Dynasty improve farming and food production? • ________________________________ • What is the name for the major trade artery that winds through Asia to Europe? • ________________________

15. Mongols and Chinese Culture Ch 5.2, p. 87

16. Ch 5.2 Vocab • Khanate • Neo-Confucianism • Porcelain

17. Mongol Empire • Origins • Nomads from northern Asia, raised livestock and travelled by horseback • _______________ • Unifies Mongols in early 1200s and conquers largest land empire of all time • After death divides empire into 4 ______________

18. _________________ • Grandson of Genghis • Completes conquest of China, creates Yuan Dynasty in 1279 • Rules from capital called Khanbalik • Adopts and modifies current political system • Eventually, the locals love Kublai Khan • BUT ____ to capture Japan and Indonesia • Bad weather…_____________!

19. The Growth of Trade • Mongols brought all of Eurasian land mass under unified rule • LARGEST ________________, ever… • Lots of trade and reinvigoration of Silk Road

20. Mongol Religion & Gov’t. • ____________________ • From India to China in 1st Century • Imperial court gets upset b/c of land and serfs • Tang Dynasty destroys temples and makes followers “get back to work” • Confucianism  Neo-Confucianism • Song Dynasty modernizes ideals to include societal benefits • Fulfillment comes from participation in material world

21. Golden Age • Cultural Advancements from Tang and Yuan • Printing invented in movable type • Famous poetry • ___________________ • Doaist painting • Landscape art from Song and Yuan dynasties, nature • Porcelain unrivaled, even today (Tang)

22. Ch 5.2 Discussion & Review • T/F: Neo-Confucianism did not address ideas tackled by Buddhism and Daoism. • ______________________ • Who led the Yuan Dynasty • ________________ • Cultural advances occurred most in which dynasty: Song, Tang, or Yuan? • _______

23. Early Japan and Korea Ch 5.3, p. 92

24. Vocab • Samurai • Bushido • Shogun • Daimyo • Shinto • Zen • Archipelago • Revenue • Code

25. Yamato Clan • Most ppl in clan were farmers or other workers, headed by an aristocratic group of rulers • In the early 600s Shotoku Taishi, a ___________ prince, came into power and mimic the Chinese Tang model of government. • New tax system where money went directly to central leadership, rather than random aristocrats

26. After Shotoku Taishi’s Death • The ____________ clan gains power • BUT the central government loses power to the aristocrats in the process • Taxes start to “disappear” • ____________ must be used for protection!

27. First Shogunate • By 12th Century, aristocratic rivalries at fever pitch • Minamoto Yoritomo defeated his rivals and started _____________________ • 1192 to 1333 • Centralized gov’t. again, but Shogun controls military state and Emperor only serves as figure head • Emperor is considered a ______________

28. The Horde Returns! • In 1281 ________ __________ sends 150,000 soldiers to attack Japan • “The Great Wave” aka Tsunami devastates fleet

29. But Kamakura Falls Anyway… • In 1333 several powerful families overwhelm the ________________. • Civil War resumes

30. Query • Why do you think it was important for Japan to have an emperor, even though he had no real power? • ________________________________________

31. Life in Early Japan • Farming society, slow to develop • Manufacturing and trade pick up during Kamakura • Active women, but still ________________ • Could divorce (if abandoned) and receive inheritance • BUT husband could divorce if wife did not produce son, committed adultery, __________________, was jealous or had an illness. YIKES.

32. Early Japanese Religion • Called ___________ (“Sacred Way” or “Way of the Gods”) • All about spirit ancestors and nature spirits • Eventually leads to Emperor as sacred being • Literally a hand of ___________

33. Query • Why do you think most of Japan’s imports came from China and Korea? • ______________________________________________________________________

34. Female Writers • Prose fiction very popular amongst females • Aristocratic men believed that writing prose was beneath them. • Non-aristocratic men probably couldn’t write • __________________ and architecture were big themes • The Tale of Genji • Written by Lady Murasaki, earliest written novel

35. Korea, cont’d. • Mountainous peninsula • Three kingdoms emerge • ___________: largest, established royal lineage • ___________: in to Buddhism • __________: aristocratic, sided with Chinese and defeates other two kingdoms • Buddhism takes hold

36. Silla Rules! • Dominant b/c of Chinese aid • Civil War after Silla King is assassinated • ________________ results (root name for Korea) • Then Mongols come in and make the Koreans build ships for Kublai Khan’s fleet (to attack Japan)

37. Ch 5.3 Discussion & Review • The Japanese leader responsible for military control is called a __________. • ________________ • What was the main directive of all samurai warriors? • ________________________________ • What were the three kingdoms of early Korea? • ________________________________