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Spread of Civilizations in East Asia

Spread of Civilizations in East Asia. Chapter 13. Mongol & Ming Empires. Section 2. Building the Mongol Empire. Mongols - Nomads from the steppes of Central Asia Genghis Khan - “ World Emperor ” 1162 - 1227 - Fierce & generous ruler - Used canons in warfare against the Chinese

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Spread of Civilizations in East Asia

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  1. Spread of Civilizations in East Asia Chapter 13

  2. Mongol & Ming Empires Section 2

  3. Building the Mongol Empire • Mongols - Nomads from the steppes of Central Asia • Genghis Khan - “World Emperor” 1162 - 1227 • - Fierce & generous ruler • - Used canons in warfare against the Chinese • - Empire stretched from Pacific to Caspian Sea • Mongol Rule • - Tolerance & Justice • Pax Mongolica 1200’s - 1300’s • - Trade moved freely across the Silk Road

  4. Genghis Kahn

  5. Mongol Empire

  6. China Under Mongol Rule • Kublai Khan 1279 • - Grandson of Genghis who takes South China • Government • - Set up to preserve Mongol ways • - Only Mongol’s in military & high government jobs • Western Visitor • - Marco Polo spends 17 years with Kublai • - Brings tales of Asian life back to Europe

  7. Marco Polo’s Travels

  8. Ming Rule in China • Zhu Yuanzhang (DZOO yoo ahn DZUHNG) • - peasant who raises army & ousts Mongols • -1368 calls new dynasty Ming - “Brilliant” • Economic Revival • - Porcelain, paper & tools • Cultural Flowering • - Ming vases • - “The Water Margin”

  9. China & the World • Voyages of Zheng He (DZUHNG HEH) 1405 • - Had 7 voyages from 1405 - 1433 • - Traveled as far west as East Africa • - Looking to expand trade • Turning Inward • - 1433 after Zheng He dies as does great ships • - China stops outward growth & exploration • - Focus on strengthening China

  10. The Voyages of Zheng He

  11. The Emergence of Japan Section 4

  12. Geography • Archipelago - chain of islands (4 main islands in Japan) • - 4/5 of the islands are mountainous • - Similar to ancient Greece • - Seas provided for protection and caused isolation • - Seas lead to the development of fishing industry • Ring of Fire • - Area subject to frequent earthquakes and volcanoes • - Tsunami - Killer tidal waves

  13. Japan & Mt. Fuji

  14. Early Traditions • Yamato Clan • - Started about 500 AD • - Yamato Plain - heart of government for 1,000 years • - 1st & only dynasty with “Rising Sun” as their symbol • Shinto - the way of the gods • - worship of natural forces still practiced today • Korean Bridge • - Japanese language related to Korean • - Korean artist & metal workers come to Japan • - Some Yamato clan claim Korean roots

  15. Japan & China • China Imports • - Ideas on government, arts, technology & thoughts • - Japanese rulers take the title of “Heavenly Emperor” • - Japanese nobles speak, dress and eat Chinese • Selective Borrowing - keep some ideas & jettison others • - Used inherited status instead of civil service exam • - Ideas were modified

  16. The Heian Period • Heian becomes the Imperial Capitol (Kyoto) • - Sophisticated & elegant culture develops • - Court was set up around etiquette • - Men studied & women were forbidden to learn • - “The Pillow Book” - Sei Shonagon • - provides vivid detail of life in the court • Lady Murasaki • - The Tale of Genji - 1st full length novel • - Tale of adventures & loves of Prince Genji

  17. Japan’s Feudal Age Section 5

  18. Feudalism Emerges • Warrior aristocracy dominated Japanese society • Shogun • - Supreme military commander • - Holds the real power, not the Emperor • Minamoto Yoritomo • - Appointed shogun in 1142 • - Kamakure shogunate - 1st of 3 military dynasties • - Ruled Japan for 700 years

  19. Minamoto Yoritomo

  20. Feudalism Emerges - The World of the Warrior • Shogun distributes lands to vassals called Daimyo • Samurai – “ Those who serve” lesser vassals • - Fighting aristocracy • - Bushido – “ The way of the warrior” code they lived by • - Seppuku – Ritual suicide for betraying bushido • Women were not held in high regard • Peasants make up the backbone of feudal society • Kamikaze – “Divine winds” • - Destroy two Mongol war parties

  21. The Samurai & His Sword

  22. Tokugawas • Kamakura shogunate falls in 1338 • Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1590 • - Commoner who eventually controls much of Japan • Tokugawas Ieyasu – 1600 • - Shogunate whose dynasty rules until 1868 • - Centralized Feudalism • - Keeps Daimyos in-check • - Economic growth • Zen Buddhist

  23. Artistic Traditions • Theater • - Kabuki – plays portray family & historical events • - Bunraku – puppet plays • Literature • - Haiku – 3 line poems with 17 syllables • Painting & Print

  24. Kabuki & Haiku • The Rose Donna Brock The red blossom blends And drips its dew to the ground. Like a tear it falls

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