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MIDDLE EAST CIVILIZATIONS

Explore the rich history of Sumerians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Romans, and more in this comprehensive overview of the Middle East. Discover their laws, achievements, and impact on world history.

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MIDDLE EAST CIVILIZATIONS

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  1. MIDDLE EAST CIVILIZATIONS

  2. SUMERIANS • FOUND IN THE REGION OF MESOPOTAMIA • RULED FROM 3500-1900 b.c. • BEGAN CULTIVATED AGRICULTURE • WRITING —WEDGE SHAPES ON CLAY CUNEIFORM

  3. BABYLON • LOCATED IN THE FERTILE CRESCENT • FROM 1900 B.C. TO 500 B.C. • SERIES OF EMPIRES • FAMOUS RULER--HAMMURABI CODE OF HAMMURABI

  4. CODE OF HAMMURABI • the code was not applied equally • BASED ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF AN EYE FOR AN EYE • if a man has stolen a child, he shall be put to death • If a man has committed highway robbery and has been caught, that man shall be put to death • if a son has struck his father, his hands shall be cut off • if a man has knocked out the eye of a patrician, his eye shall be knocked out • if he has broken the limb of a patrician, his limb shall be broken

  5. if a man has knocked out the eye of a plebeian or has broken the limb of a plebeian, he shall pay one mina of silver (about $100) • if he has knocked out the eye of a patrician’s servant, or broken the limb of a patrician’s servant, he shall pay half his value • if a patrician has knocked out the tooth of a man that is his equal, his tooth shall be knocked out • if he has knocked out the tooth of a plebeian, he shall pay one-third of a mina of silver (about $33) • Why were their laws so strict on punishment • this code covered all aspects of society, from crime, to farming, to regulation of prices and wages

  6. CHALDEANS • 7TH CENTURY B.C. • KING NEBUCHADNEZZAR • STUDIED ASTRONOMY • 7-DAY WEEK CALENDER • PREDICTED ECLIPSES • 7 WONDERS OF ANCIENT WORLD • HANGING GARDENS

  7. PHOENICIANS • 16TH CENTURY B.C. TO 6TH CENTURY B.C. • WESTERN BORDER OF FERTILE CRESCENT • SEAFARERS • MAY HAVE SAILED TO THE AMERICAS • CREATED AN ALPHABET BASED ON SOUNDS • OUR LANGUAGE IS BASED ON THIS

  8. EGYPTIANS • ESTABLISHED AROUND NILE RIVER • FIRST SETTLERS AROUND 5000 B.C. • RULED BY PHARAOHS • CONSIDERED GODS • MARRIED WITHIN FAMILY • BUILD PYRAMIDS TO HOUSE BODY OF PHARAOH • MUMMIFIED BODY—WHY? • HOUSE SPIRIT OF PHARAOH • ROMANS OVERTHREW THEM AROUND 300 B.C.

  9. ROMANS • EXPIRE STRETCHED FROM THE BRITISH ISLES TO AFRICA AND ASIA • ARRIVED IN REGION DURING 4TH CENTURY B.C.

  10. THE DIASPORA MASADA—74 A.D. SCATTERING OF THE JEWS

  11. MUSLEMS • CONSTANTINOPLE • EXPANDED QUICKLY BECAUSE QURAN FORBID KILLING OF OTHER MUSLEMS • TURKS ARRIVE IN ANATOLIA IN 11TH CENTURY • SELJUK TURKS BEGAN THE CRUSADES IN 11TH CENTURY A.D. • OTTOMAN TURKS RULED UNTIL WORLD WAR I • AFTER WORLD WAR I FRANCE, BRITAIN, AND ITALY CONTROLLED THE REGION

  12. BIRTH OF RELIGION • 3 GREAT RELIGIONS HAD THEIR BIRTH IN THE MIDDLE EAST • JUDAISM • FOUNDER—ABRAHAM • PROPHET—MOSES • LED ISRAELITES OUT OF EGYPT • RECEIVED 10 COMMANDENTS ON MT. SINAI • TURNED AGAINST JESUS –WHY? • CHRISTIANITY • FOUNDER—JESUS CHRIST • CRUCIFIED BY THE ROMANS • GREAT MISSIONARY—SAUL • ISLAM • WATCH VIDEO

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