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RHETORIC

RHETORIC. It’s not just “empty rhetoric”!. RHETORIC DEFINED. “The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.” - Aristotle, (384-322 B.C.E). RHETORIC IN LAYMAN’s TERMS.

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RHETORIC

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  1. RHETORIC It’s not just “empty rhetoric”!

  2. RHETORIC DEFINED “The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.” - Aristotle, (384-322 B.C.E)

  3. RHETORIC IN LAYMAN’s TERMS Rhetoric is simply the ways in which we try to persuade a given audience, for a given purpose.

  4. Rhetoric Is… …always situational! - it has a context:the occasion or the time and place it was written or spoken AND - it has a purpose: or goal that the speaker or writer wants to achieve

  5. Rhetoric Is… …always aimed at an audience! Whether it is a single person, a small group of people, or huge stadium full of men and women, rhetoric will always be geared toward a specific audience with specific values and beliefs.

  6. COMMON EXAMPLES OF RHETORIC • When politicians try to get you to vote for them, they are using rhetoric. • When lawyers try to move a jury, they are using rhetoric. • When a government produces propaganda, it is using rhetoric. • When an advertisement tries to get you to buy something, it is using rhetoric. • When the president gives a speech, he is using rhetoric.

  7. subtler EXAMPLES OF RHETORIC • When someone writes an office memo, he/she is using rhetoric. • When a newspaper offers its depiction of what happened last night, it is using rhetoric. • When scientists presents theories or results, they are using rhetoric. • When you write your mom or dad an email, you are using rhetoric. • And yes, when I'm trying to explain the concept of rhetoric, I'm using rhetoric!

  8. RHETORIC IN THIS CLASS • Rhetoric throughout most of history referred to the art of speechmaking and oratory. • In this class, we will use it to refer to persuasion that occurs through any medium, not just text or speech. • Throughout this semester, we will start to see all communication as rhetorical—that is, as a set of deliberate, strategic decisions that someone made to achieve a certain purpose with a certain audience. • You will also learn how to develop effective rhetorical strategies for your own communication.

  9. “Below the Beltway” What was thecontextfor this speech? A: It was written for the graduation commencement of the class of 2007 at Heritage High School in Leesburg, VA.

  10. “Below the Beltway” What was the author’s purpose of the speech? A: To entertain/To inform

  11. Author’s Purpose • To inform • To entertain • To persuade • To instruct • To create suspense • To motivate • To cause doubt • To present facts & details • To amuse or offer enjoyment • To urge action on an issue • To teach concepts and facts • To convey uncertainty • To encourage/ to stir • To be skeptical PURPOSE DEFINITION

  12. Author’s Purpose • To describe an event • To teach a lesson • To introduce a character • To create a mood • To relay an adventure • To share a personal experience • To describe feelings • To narrate • To furnish knowledge • To describe a person’s traits • To establish atmosphere • To tell an exciting story • To tell about an event in your life • To communicate emotions PURPOSE DEFINITION

  13. “Below the Beltway” Who was the audience for this speech? A: • Graduating seniors of Heritage High School • Faculty of Heritage High School • Friends and Family of Graduating Seniors

  14. The Rhetorical Triangle SPEAKER CONTEXT PURPOSE AUDIENCE SUBJECT

  15. The Rhetorical Triangle • SUBJECT: Writers or speakers must first choose a subject- which is the general topic of the text or speech. They must evaluate what kind of evidence or proof will sufficiently develop their position on the topic.

  16. The Rhetorical Triangle • AUDIENCE: the group of readers or listeners to whom the piece is directed • How large is the audience? Who is in the audience? • What type of people make up the audience (describe personality traits)? • How does the audience feel about the speaker and subject?

  17. The Rhetorical Triangle • SPEAKER: * The character the speaker projects when he or she writes or speaks—depending on the context, purpose, subject, and audience. * When analyzing speaker, one must address his/her personal characteristics, attritubes, and beliefs.

  18. Lou Gehrig The following speech is one that baseball player Lou Gehrig gave at an Appreciation Day held in his honor on July 4, 1939. Gehrig had recently learned that he was suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurological disorder that has no cure (today it is known as the “Lou Gehrig’s disease”). Although Gehrig was a reluctant speaker, the fans’ chant of “We want Lou!” brought him to the podium between games of a double header. He then delivered one of the all-time most powerful, heartfelt speeches.

  19. Lou Gehrig

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